100 



Indiana University Studies 



grade of fuel makes the operator independent of the fuel supplies 

 of the locality. 



In by-product recovery the nitrogen of the coal is converted 

 into ammonia, which is taken up in dilute sulphuric acid, forming 

 ammonium sulphate. A ton of coal under average conditions 

 will yield from 60 to 80 pounds of commercial sulphate. This 

 sulphate is worth about 30 cents a pound. The immense amount 

 of nitrogen lost from our coals as now fired, that could be made 

 available for fertilizing material if it were recovered as a by- 

 product, is appalling, and shows very poor economy. 







































































































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Plot 3 is given to sliow tlie approximate cost of gas producers and engines and 

 the combined cost of engines and producers. 



Cost of Power. The cost of power in the power plant of a 

 quarry or mill, altho of interest, is an item not generally known by 

 the operators, especially those operators who have small plants. 

 The factors which enter into a calculation of this cost are so many 

 and so varied that few of the operators care to go to the expense 

 of m.aking the tests necessary to determine them. The various 

 expenses incurred in the operation of a power plant can be grouped 

 under two heads: fixed charges and operating costs. Under the 

 first head come: (1) interest on investment; (2) depreciation 

 in value of machinery; (3) insurance; (4) taxes. Operating 

 costs include: (1) labor or attendance; (2) fuel and water; 

 (3) oil, waste, and supplies; (4) repairs and maintenance. 



