20 



Indiana University Studies 



been listed in the order in which they were given during the 

 school year. The tests were given in Indiana at about the 

 same time in the school year that the tests were given in 

 Grand Rapids. If all the other factors involved were compar- 

 able we should naturally expect to find the scores in Indiana 

 and Grand Rapids approximately equal. The entries in the 

 table indicate that Grand Rapids secured distinctly superior 

 results. 



TABLE II 

 Average Oral Reading Scores 



Cities 



Date 



Gr. 



2 



Gr. 



3 



Gr. 



4 



Gr. 



5 



Gr. 



6 



Gr. 



7 



Gr. 



8 



Twenty-three Illinois 



















schools 



Sept., 1914 



20 



28 



39 



43 



45 



46 





Northern Illinois 



October, 1916 



28 



42 



43 



47 



47 



46 



45 



Indiana 



February, 1917 



34 



40.5 



43.4 



44.5 



46 



44 



42.8 



Grand Rapids 



March, 1916 



44 



47 



49 



50 



47 



48 



48 



Cleveland 



June,: 1915 



42 



46 



47 



48 



49 



47 



48 



St. Louis 



June,l916 



47 



50 



52 



51 



51 



51 



51 



Many of the facts of Table II are represented graphically 

 in Diagram 1. A word of explanation is necessary in order 

 that the diagram in which the results are presented may be 

 readily understood. Ability to read a certain paragraph with- 

 out errors means less on the part of a pupil in the upper 

 grades than on the part of a pupil in the lower grades. Grades 

 must be compared with each other, therefore, by recognizing 

 different levels of achievement. These different levels, as 

 determined from previous tests, can be expressed graphically 

 by the vertical lines in Diagram 1. Each vertical line repre- 

 sents the scale for a grade and begins below at the point 

 where a score of 10 should be recorded. Higher scores can 

 be represented by appropriate distances along the vertical 

 line above 10. Each vertical line ends above where a score 

 of 70 belongs. The oblique lines in Diagram 1 represent the 

 average scores for Indiana, St. Louis, Grand Rapids, and 

 Northern Illinois. 



The diagram shows clearly that the scores for Indiana 

 were distinctly inferior to those for St. Louis and Grand Rap- 

 ids, and were slightly inferior to those for Northern Illinois, 

 excepting in the second grade. Inasmuch as the tests were 

 given in Indiana and in Grand Rapids at about the same time 



