studies in Arithmetic, 1916-1917 



15 



tributes according to its size. For example, in the seventh 

 grade division test, Cities 10 and 26 have approximately the 

 same medians (see Table I). Taken as units they affect the 

 average about equally. Taken as parts of the distribution for 

 all the seventh grade pupils in the state, this is far from the 

 case. City 10 has 11 pupils against 304 in City 26. These 

 304 pupils pull the median downward, for the heavy fre- 

 quencies are the ones that have the low scores in the attempts, 

 and produce a difference of .98 between the results of the 

 two methods. 



A General Review of the 1917 Achievements for Twenty- 

 Seven Cities. The results of this part of the study are pre- 

 sented in Tables II to VI. The median scores for attempts, 

 rights, and accuracy for Grades 4 to 8 in all the 27 systems 

 are given in these tables. For the purposes of comparison, 

 the medians for Indiana, in 1914 and 1915 studies^ those 

 for 52 towns and cities in Iowa (1916)*, those for 24 towns 

 and cities in Kansas (1915)% and the Courtis Standards^ are 

 also given. 



Table II is read as follows : The median scores for City 3 

 are 4.6 examples attempted, 2.3 right, and 50 per cent of ac- 

 curacy for addition; 6.7 examples, 3.9 right, and 58 per cent 

 of accuracy for subtraction and similarly for multiplication 

 and division. The blank spaces in this and other tables in- 

 dicate either that the tests were not given in those grades or 

 that reports were not made in such a way that the median 

 could be calculated. 



The cities are grouped according to population. Group 

 I includes cities and towns having a population of less than 

 1,000 ; Group II, those having a population from 1,000 to 

 3,000 ; Group III, those having a population from 3,000 to 

 10,000 ; Group IV, those having a population of 10,000 and 

 over. The median scores for each of these groups are also 

 given. 



1 ^ See notes 1 and 2 on page 6. 



^Ashbaugh, E. J.: "The Arithmetical Skill of Iowa School Children" {Bulletin 

 No. 24, Extension Division, University of low^a) , 



5 Monroe, W. S. : "Report of the Use of the Courtis Standard Research Tests in 

 Arithmetic in Twenty-Four Cities." Kansas State Normal School, Emporia, Kan. 

 {Bulletin, New Series, Vol. 4, No. 8). 



^ Folder D, Courtis Standard Tests. (Courtis has issued more recent standards. See 

 "Third, Fourth, and Fifth Annual Accountings.") 



