﻿Edmondsox : Juvenile Delinquency and Adult Crime 33 



10b. PROPORTION OF ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND 

 OVER IN GARY, IN INDIANA, AND IN THE UNITED 

 STATES IN 1910 BY NATIVITY AND COLOR 





Garv 

 Per Cent 



Indiana 

 Per Cent 



United 

 States 

 Per Cent 



Native white 



0.4 



61.8 



27.8 





97.1 



27.4 



29.9 





2.5 



10.5 



40.4 



years of age and over, and males 21 years of age and over; 10b 

 all persons 10 years of age and over according to nativity and 

 color. In relation to Indiana and the United States, Gary has 

 an undue proportion of illiterates especially in the group males 

 21 years of age and over which would indicate that the high 

 proportion of illiteracy may be due to the presence of the number 

 of immigrants who have come to this country over the school 

 age. This conclusion is borne out by Table 10b which shows a 

 very low proportion of illiterates among the native born whites, 

 a very high proportion of illiterates among the foreign born whites, 

 and a low proportion of illiterates among negroes 10 years of 

 age and over in relation to Indiana and the United States. 



In the United States Census of 1910 a dwelling-house is defined 

 as a place in which one or more persons regularly sleep — not 

 necessarily a house; but a boat, a tent, a freight car, or a room 

 in a warehouse tho occupied by only one person. 26 On the other 

 hand, an entire apartment house, tho containing many families, 

 is considered as one dwelling. The same census defines a family 

 as a household or group of persons, whether related by blood or 

 not, who live together as one household, usually sharing the same 

 table. One person living alone is counted as one family, while 

 on the other hand the occupants of a hotel or institution, how- 

 ever numerous, are also treated as forming one family. Unsatis- 

 factory as these two definitions are to one interested in housing 

 and family conditions, they clo have the value of uniformity and 

 so serve as a basis of comparison. Table 11 shows the number 

 of dwellings and families in Gary, in Indiana, and in the United 

 States in 1910, and the average number of families to a dwelling, 

 the average number of persons to a dwelling, and the average 

 number of persons to a family. The proportion of families to 



26 U.S. Census, 1910, Vol. I, p. 1285. 



