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Indiana University Studies 



certain individuals of the New Immigration in a few years after 

 coming to the United States rise to the business and professional 

 classes, the great majority belong to the industrial classes; and 

 of these the greatest number are found on the lower levels of 

 the industrial scale. 7 That is, by far the greatest number of 

 the New Immigrants belong to the economic and social class of 

 the unskilled laborer, and the Colored belong to an economic 

 and social class determined by color as well as by low industrial 

 status. 8 



While children who do wrong are found in every economic 

 and social class, 9 it is only in the lower economic and social 

 classes that they come to the attention of officers and courts 

 to any great extent. And while adult criminals are to be found 

 in every economic and social class, it is chiefly from the lowest 

 economic and social classes that petty adult offenders are 

 recruited. This is true not only because need is a direct cause 

 of certain kinds of offenses (theft for example) but chiefly because 

 of the unfavorable social conditions in which those low in the 

 economic and social scale live. 



Since these lower economic and social classes are made up 

 chiefly of the New Immigrants and the Colored, it is chiefly 

 among these race or nationality groups that the greatest amount 

 of juvenile delinquency and petty adult crime must be expected. 



Then if, because of the difference in bases of comparison, it 

 is unfair in crime to compare the immigrant population including 

 chiefly only certain age classes with the native born white popu- 

 lation including all age classes, for the same reason it is obviously 

 unfair to compare the immigrant population and the colored 

 population which include chiefly only the lower social and eco- 

 nomic classes with the native born white population which 

 includes all social and economic classes. 10 



Out of these considerations, then, is evolved the general thesis 

 of this study: that the unfavorable relation of the races or nation- 

 alities of the New Immigration, and to a certain extent the unfav- 



fRichmond Mayo-Smith, pp. 150-151. 



8 Jenks and Lauch, pp. 1, 2, 31, 140; Commons, p. 108; Report of Commissioner- 

 General of Immigration, 1906, Table VIII, p. 28; Bryce, Vol. II, pp. 300, 476, 482, 

 489, 514, 519, 557, 791; Steiner (On the Trail of the Immigrant), p. 24; Report of 

 Immigration Commission, pp. .4, 8, 9, 37, 39, 540, 589, 493, Table on Occupations by 

 Races. 



^Breckenridge and Abbott, p. 70; Report of Board of Trade (6920H3), pp. xv, 

 xvii, xxi, xxiii, xlviii; Booth (Social Classes), p. 8; Ward, Publications of the American 

 Sociological Society, pp. 9-11 (6739As2) ; Travis, pp. 33-34; "Standard of Living," 

 Streightoff, American Sociological Society, p. 63 (6739As3) ; Streightoff, p. 3; Mor- 

 rison (Juvenile Offenders), pp. 154-159, 162, 168, 169, 170; Lombroso (Crime, Its 

 Causes and Remedies), pp. 135, 137; Driihms, pp. 119, 177, 178, 179, 286; Bryce, 

 Vol. II, pp. 557, 476, 478; Richmond Mayo-Smith, p. 151; Aschaeffenburg, pp. 51- 

 168; Aschaeffenburg, p. 106; Steiner (On the Trail of the Immigrant), pp. 273-297. 



"Richmond Mayo-Smith, pp. 150-151. 



