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Indiana University Studies 



and 19.23 per cent of the New Immigration families. The high 

 per cent of the American families in this group is a striking fact. 

 Th.3 following examples are taken from notations on the records: 

 parents antagonistic to school and court; parents have no regard 

 for the law; parents will not cooperate with the school; parents 

 shield the boy in his delinquent acts. 



Because of the complexity of these unfavorable conditions 

 in the family life of the juvenile delinquents in this study and 

 because of the interrelation of such conditions, accurate measure- 

 ments cannot be made of various factors. Where two or more 

 unfavorable sets of conditions as listed here exist in the same 

 home, that home is listed as spiritually incompetent. 41 On this 

 basis, 87.2 per c?nt of the homes represented in this study are 

 spiritually incompetent. Of these the Colored show the highest 

 relative proportions, followed in order by the New Immigration, 

 the Old Immigration, and the Americans. 



16. Industrial Status 42 



Thirty-one kinds of occupation are given by parents of juvenile 

 delinquents in Gary in 1912-1914. These occupations are here 

 classified in three groups. The first and lowest, group I, is that 

 characterized by low paid and irregular work, including chamber- 

 maid work, keeping roomers and boarders, cooking, washing, 

 cleaning, and sawing. The families in this group are chiefly those 

 in which the mother is the bread-winner. The second, group II, 

 includes the common laborers and workers paid on the same scale 

 as common laborers — that is, those making from 17}/; cents up 

 to 24 cents an hour, or from $1.50 to $2.50 a day. Besides 

 common laborers, this group includes bartenders, janitors, etc., 

 receiving the wage of common labor. The third, group III, 

 includes skilled laborers, clerks, one agent for brewing company 

 and one hotel-keeper. 



In group I, the lowest group, the Colored families show the 

 highest relative proportions, followed in order by the New Immi- 

 gration and Americans — the Old Immigration showing no cases. 

 In group II, the New Immigration shows the highest proportional 

 numbers, followed in order by the Colored, the Old Immigration, 

 and the Americans. In group III, the highest group, the Amer- 

 icans show the highest relative proportions followed in order by 



"Mangold, p. 225; Breckenridge and Abbott, p. 13; Travis, p. 48, a xxvi; Mor- 

 rison (Juvenile Offenders), p. 119. 



42 Original tables, pp. 55-57. See Preface to this study. See also Appendix, 

 Table III. 



