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Indiana University Studies 



Arranged according to single race or nationality unit and sex, 

 the single race or nationality units show a wide variation in the 

 proportion of the sexes. The Greeks, for example, show 76 men 

 and no women offenders, while the Colored and Germa-i show 

 almost half as many women as men. 



In this study 22 single rac9 or nationality units show females. 

 Of these the Spanish show the highest proportions followed in 

 order by the Germans, Colored, French, English, Jewish, Bohe- 

 mians, Italians, Horoats, Servians, Americans, Hungarians, Rou- 

 manians, Irish, Croatians, Poles, Russians, Austrians, Slavish, 

 Lithuanians, Norwegians, and Swedes. 



These cases arranged according to race or natioaality groups 

 show the Colored with much the highest relative proportion of 

 females, followed in order by the Old Immigration and the 

 Americans, the New Immigration showing a relatively small 

 proportion of females. This relatively small proportion of female 

 offenders in the New Immigration may be partly but not entirely 

 explained by the variation in proportions of males and females 

 of this race or natiDnality group in the United States. The 

 Census Report of 1910 shows that, while in the general popula- 

 tion the proportion of the sexes in the other groups is nearly the 

 same, in the foreign born white population the per cent of females 

 is only 43 . 6 per cent. 



A comparison of the proportions of sexes of offenders in this 

 study and those of studies by Drahms for the United States, by 

 Lombroso for Italy, by Ferrero for Austria, Spain, and Italy 

 shows a considerable variation for the different countries and for 

 different parts of the same country. 17 In all these studies the 

 proportion of females seldom rises above 20 per cent or falls 

 below 6 per cent. In this study the proportion of females is 

 11.5 per cent. 



6. Civil Condition 18 



In the material for this study of crime, information as to 

 civil condition of offenders is given only as married or unmarried. 

 There is no information as to those widowed, separated, or 

 divorced among whom criminality is in general high. 19 However, 

 since widowed, separated, and divorced offenders usually answer 



17 Drahms, p. 217; Koren, p. 16; Lombroso (Crime and Its Causes), pp. 181, 

 182,191; Ferrero, p. 151. Aschaeflfenburg, pp. 160, 161 ; De Quiros, p. 113 ; Lydston, 

 p. 143, Morrison (Crime and Its Causes, p. 152; Kellor, p. 158. 



18 Original tables, pp. 96-102. See Preface to this study. 



i 9 Aschaeffenburg, p. 167. 



