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Indiana University Studies 



group III, unskilled labor, the New Immigration and the Colored 

 show 63.54 per cent and 50.38 per cent of their respective num- 

 bers, and the American and Old Immigration 19.95 per ceat and 

 29.36 per cent respectively; in group IV, S3mi-skilled labor, 

 the New Immigration and the Colored show 2.99 per cent and 

 1 . 55 per cent of their respective numbers, and the American and 

 Old Immigration 4.73 per cent and 5.10 per cent respectively; 

 in group V, skilled labor, the New Immigration and the Colored 

 show 12.04 per cent and 10.85 per cent of their respective num- 

 bers, and the Americans and Old Immigration show 35.18 per 

 cent and 32 . 34 per cent respectively; in group VI, the professions, 

 the New Immigration and the Colored show 0.24 per cent and 

 0.77 per cent of their respective numbers, and the Americans 

 and Old Immigration 1 . 23 per cent and 0 . 63 per cent respectively; 

 in group VII, business, the New Immigration and the Colored 

 show 4 . 64 per cent and 1 . 03 per cent of their respective numbers, 

 and the Americans and Old Immigration 3.08 per cent and 2.12 

 per cent respectively; in group VIII, agriculture, the New 

 Immigration and the Colored show 0.30 per cent and none of 

 their respective numbers, and the Americans and Old Immigra- 

 tion 1 .85 per cent and 0.63 per cent respectively. These figures 

 show that the great majority of cases of juvenile delinquency 

 and petty adult crime are industrial workers; and of these the 

 greatest number belong low in the industrial scale. The figures 

 also show that the N^w Immigration and the Colored cases 

 belong lower in the industrial scale than the Americans and Old 

 Immigration. 



These considerations show that in every case where the 

 associations of juvenile delinquency and petty adult crime given 

 in this study indicate, in any way, economic and social class, 

 they indicate low economic and social class; and that in every 

 case the New Immigration and the Colored are farther down 

 in the scale than the American and the Old Immigration. The 

 unfavorable environment of the juvenile delinquents, the sub- 

 normal physical and mental qualities of the juvenile delinquents, 

 the great number of illiterates among the petty adult offenders, 

 the low associates of the juvenile delinquents, the crowded, 

 unsanitary districts of the city from which both juvenile delin- 

 quents and petty adult offenders come, the bad housing con- 

 ditions and unfavorable home conditions of the juvenile delin- 

 quents, the low industrial status of both juvenile delinquents 



