FOR FORMS AND QUALITIES. 25 



Obovate (obovatus), is the ovate form reversed, with round- 

 ed apex, tapering base, and having the length but a little 

 more than the breadth. This form passes into the fan-shaped 

 (Jlabelli/brmis), when the apex is much extended, and con- 

 vex. 



Triangular (triangularis), is a surface, the sides of which 

 are nearly right-lined, and which meet in three angles. 



Rhomboidal (rhomboideus), is a square moved forward, as 

 it were, at the top. Trapezoidal (trapezoideus), is a surface, 

 the sides of which meet in four unequal angles. 



Pandurae-form (panduraformis), is an oblong surface hav- 

 ing both its sides cut into a sinus. (Tab. VI. Fig. 9.) 



Heart-shaped (cordatus), is when a surface is hollowed at 

 the base, when this hollowing is rounded off at the sides, and 

 the apex tapers. The opposite is obcordatus, when the apex 

 of a surface has a heart-shaped hollowing and rounding-off, 

 and the base is tapered. 



Kidney-shaped (reni/brmis), is a surface of which the apex 

 is very broad and flat, the sides much rounded, and the base 

 emarginated. 



Half-moon-shaped (semilunatus, lunulatus), is properly a 

 higher degree of the kidney-shaped, when the sides are drawn 

 to some length, and the apex is commonly sloped. 



Arrow-shaped (sagittatus), when the sides terminate in two 

 straight -lined pointed lobes at the base ; and when these lobes 

 are sloped outwards, the surface is said to be spear-shaped, 

 (hastatus). 



SO. 



When we attend not merely to the surfaces, but to the 

 substance of the organs, we make use of the following ex- 

 pressions. 



Fleshy (carnosus), when a part is considerably thick and 

 soft, and has a fleshy consistence. 



Membranaceous (membranaceus), denotes the thin, but 

 commonly also the coloured character of the part. 



Scariose (scariosus), when the membranes are destitute of 

 sap, and commonly discoloured. 



