32 



NOMENCLATURE. 



34. 



We may consider the insertion or situation of an organ, in 

 regard to the other parts by which it is surrounded. We 

 thus say that a part is inferior (infirus), when it is placed be- 

 low another. If this is the case with the calyx, in respect of 

 the ovarium, it is said to be free (liber). But if the ovarium 

 is inferior, in respect of the rim of the calyx, it is then united 

 with the tube of the calyx. In this latter case, the calyx is 

 superior ; in the former instance, it is the ovarium. Tab. VIII. 

 Fig. 6, 7, the fruit is superior, the calyx inferior. See also in 

 Tab. VI. Fig. 13. 



We are also accustomed to distinguish between intrafolia- 

 ceus and extrqfoliaceus. The latter term is used, for ex- 

 ample, respecting flower-stalks, which have no relation of po- 

 sition to the leaf-stalks, as happens in many kinds of Sola- 

 num. We also say of the stipulas or appendages of the 

 leaves, that they are stipultE intrapetiolares, when they ap- 

 pear within the leaf-stalk. Flower-stalks are called petiolos 

 oppositif olios, when they spring opposite to the leaf-stalks, or 

 the leaves ; while, on the contrary, their usual origin is in 

 the axis of the leaves (axillaris). 



Supra and infra are used respecting surfaces, superne and 

 hvferne respecting lines. The former are also used respect- 

 ing the surfaces of the leaves ; the latter, respecting the stalks, 

 to denote their upper or lower part. Utrinque is used in both 

 senses : it may thus denote the two surfaces of the leaves, or 

 it may also mean the summit and base of the leaf. 



Sursum denotes a direction upwards, towards the summit ; 

 for which purpose we also employ antrorsum : the opposite 

 of which are retrorsiim, deorsum. Panicum viride has its 

 involucella sursum and P. verticillatum deorsum hispida. 

 Valantia Aparine Jhlia antrorsum, Galium Aparine retrorsum 

 aculeata. Anticus and posticus, denote position before or be- 

 hind another part. We also use anterior and posterior. In 

 Cryptostylis, the labellum is posticum; in Genoplesium, Br. 

 the galea is antica. 



