FORMS AND QUALITIES. 



35. 



iThe position and insertion of the sexual parts, in relation 

 to one another, is of more importance, frequently difficult to 

 investigate, and by no means uniform. In general, we call the 

 stamina Jiypogyna, when, as in the Grasses, (Tab. III. Fig. 7.) 

 they rise from a lower surface than the female parts. Stamina 

 perigyna are those which spring from the same plane with 

 the female parts; (Tab. VIII. Fig. 4. Tab. III. Fig. 24. 

 Tab. IV. Fig. 14.) Commonly the former are united with 

 the corolla, pass downwards along with it, and thus show their 

 origin to be in the same plane with the female parts. But in 

 many of the Caryophylleae, one half of the stamina, in the 

 same plant, are hypogyna^ the other half perigyna. In Silene, 

 Cerastium, Dianthus, and Saponaria, five stamina stand on 

 the receptacle, and therefore deeper than the ovarium : but the 

 other five are connected with the petals of the corolla, and 

 may be considered as perigyna. 



Lastly, we call those stamina, or anthers, epigyna, which, 

 as in Cleone and in the Gynandriatae^ are united with the 

 pistil, or with the columna gcnitalium ; (Tab. IV. Fig. 

 10—12.) 



36. 



With respect to the position of organs of the same kind, 

 we must attend to the following expressions. 



Parts are said to be opposita, when they rise opposite to 

 one another, or lie directlv before one another. In the former 

 sense, the word is used respecting leaves which spring from 

 opposite sides of the stem. In its latter acceptation, it is 

 commonly used respecting the petals of the corolla, in so far 

 as they stand directly before the leaves of the calyx ; or re- 

 specting the stamina, in so far as they stand directly before 

 the parts of the corolla. We also say that the partition of a 

 capsule is opposite (dissepimentum contrarium or oppositum), 

 when it is placed perpendicularly to the valves of the capsule. 

 On the other hand, the partition is parallel, when, arising out 

 of the suture of the valves, it has the same direction with 

 them, (Tab. VII. Fig. 6.) 



C 



