40 



NOMENCLATURE. 



43. 



When the direction is downwards, and under the horizon- 

 tal hne, it is called pendulous (pendulus) when we refer to 

 the points of the part ; it is called reflea^ {refleocus^ reclinatus, 

 and deflexus)^ when the direction of a part amounts to about 

 45° under the horizontal line. 



Bent downwards (declinatus), is when a part is bent to- 

 wards the horizon. 



Inverted (inversus), when the upper part becomes the 

 lower ; as when, for example, the embryo in the seed stands 

 with its radicle upwards. To this belongs also the reversed 

 direction (resupinatus), when the part which commonly is 

 uppermost, is found undermost. Thus the flowers are said 

 to be resupinate, when in the Labiatae the staminae are forced 

 down, and the lower lip has the form of the upper ; and in 

 the Leguminosae, when the vexillum, which on other occa- 

 sions forms the upper part, becomes the lower. 



When the direction of the parts is altogether to one side, 

 it is said to be partial {secundus, homomallus, heteromallus). 

 When a property or form of an organ is observed only on 

 one side, this is expressed by hinc ; Capsula hinc gibha, 



44. 



Something has been already said (26.) respecting the direc-, 

 tion of surfaces ; but \7e find it necessary to mention the fol- 

 lowing particulars, as properly belonging to this depart- 

 ment. ^ 



Complicated (complicatus), when a part is folded into it- 

 self. Conduplicatus expresses the longitudinal folding; to 

 which belongs the term runcinatus (26.), only this term is 

 employed in a special sense. 



Bent-back (revolutus), when the margin or surface of a 

 part is rolled outwards or downwards ; (Tab. II. Fig. 14.) 



Involute (involutus), when the surface or margin of a part 

 is bent inwards. Obvolute, when the parts are rolled round 

 one another. Convolute is nearly what we have already call- 

 ed snail-shaped; (Tab. L Fig. 35., Tab. VII. Fig. 4.) This 



