5^ 



NOMENCLATURE. 



68. 



Shrubs (Jrutices), are those plants which send out several 

 woody stems from the same root. For shrubs and trees, we 

 use the sign . 



Under shrubs (siiff)'utices), are those, the lower part only 

 of whose stems are woody, but whose upper part, being of a 

 herbaceous nature, dies every year* 



69. 



The place where the stem and root meet, has received va^ 

 rious names. Young calls it the limes communis, or fundus 

 planttE. Lamark calls it the life-hnot. Some denominate this 

 part rhizoma, or root-stock ; and also cormus, and caudex. De 

 Candolle calls this part the neck (collum). 



A 70. 



In the different families, different names are used for the 

 stem and its parts. 



In the Grasses, and Grassy Plants, it is called the stram 

 (culmus). In Ferns, Palms, and Fungi, it is called the 

 stipe (stipes) ; but the latter word is generally used to express 

 different parts. 



A leafy stem is called generally a^rond (frons), especially 

 in imperfect plants. The frond of Lichens is either 67*w.s/a, 

 when it is quite uniform, granular,, or at least as if some 

 matter had been deposited on it ; or it is called thallus, when 

 it is^ leafy, lobed, or shrubby ; (Tab. II. Fig. S.) 



In the Fungi, we employ the term Hypha, whea the stem; 

 is very delicate ; (Tab. I. Fig. 31. ; Tab. V. Fig. 5.) 



71. 



Branches {ramij, are the divisions of the stem. Twigs 

 {ramuli), are the last and youngest branches. 



Sarments (sarmenta)^ are those branches, or stems, which 

 lie upon the ground, and here and there send out roots. 



Shoots (surculi), are the stems and branches of Mosses and 

 J ungermannise. 



Sprouts {turiones), are shoots of the present year, which 

 are not completely unfolded. 



