OF THE OIIGANS. 



55 



The remains of the leaf-stalks often leave scars or warts on 

 the stem and branches. These are called cicatrices or ver- 

 ruca. 



The remains of leaves, and of the scales of buds, are called 

 ramenta. 



77. 



The sheath is the cylindrical prolongation of the leaf, by 

 which it wraps itself round the stalk. 



The place where the sheath passes into the leaf is called 

 the opening (os vaginae), and here a leafy membrane, for the 

 most part white and semi-transparent, is usually found, which 

 in the Grasses is called Ugula, 



In some of the Cyperoideas and Palms, the interstices of the 

 cleft-sheath are connected by fibrous net-work {reticulum^ 

 This is the case, among others, in Schcenus ustulatus, ca^ 

 pillaceus Thunb. thermalis, and Burmanni, Vahl., which 

 grow together at the Cape. 



Stipule {stipuld) is a leafy part, which grows in the neigh- 

 bourhood of the leaves, or of the leaf-stalks. There are 

 forms of this kind, however, which have very little of a leafy 

 nature, and are rather membranaceous or feathery, as in Sau- 

 vagesia, (Tab. VI. Fig. 12. 13.) 



The roll {ochrea) is commonly a cylindrical membrane, the 

 upper part of which is open, and which surrounds the leaves 

 or leaf-stalks. It appears as a peculiar organ in the Poly- 

 goneae and Cyperoideas. 



Smaller leaves on the leaf-stalk are called auricula ; hence 



Folium auriculatum has these appendages either on the 

 leaf-stalk, or at the base. When there are two appendages 

 bent downwards, one on each side of the base of a digitated 

 leaf, it is said to be pedate (pedatum). 



Smaller leaflets, under the shoots of the Jungermannias, 

 iire called umphigastria. 



79, 



Other subordinate parts of plants are called by ■LiraigeiK 



supports oY fulcrOj because some of them serve to fasten the 



2 



