78 



NOMENCLATURE. 



119. 



In the Fungi, the fruit is generally called peridia ; (Tab. 

 I. Fig. 25.) More particularly, however, the bladders which 

 contain the seeds or germs (spora), wee called sporidia. They 

 are also called thec^ spo7'ophora; (Tab. I. Fig. 30., Tab. II. 

 Fig. 1 .) Their reservoir, in certain groups of Fungi, is call- 

 ed perithecium ; and when the peridia are included in a dis- 

 tinct case, this latter is called sporangium ; (Tab. V. Fig. 7.) 

 When the lines or hairs on which the sporae of Fungi sit, are 

 collected together in tufts, this sort of tuft is called capilU- 

 tium ; (Tab. I. Fig. 28.) 



In the proper Sponges, the germ-bladders, or seed-blad- 

 ders, form a peculiar covering, or a layer, which is called h^/- 

 menium; (Tab. I. Fig. 30., Tab. II. Fig. 1.) 



120. 



On the seed itself, we remark, in the first place, what has 

 been called the umbilicus^ hiliim, cicatricula, or a hollow 

 part commonly found in the base, but often also on the sides, 

 by which the seeds are fastened, and from which the germ 

 proceeds; (Tab. I. Fig. 4. 6.) 



The umbilicus, in many plants, particularly in the Legu- 

 minosae, is covered by a warty substance, which is called stro- 

 phiolus or stropMola. In Urania and Strelitzia, this strophio- 

 lus is a heap of beautifully coloured, intermingled, and stiff 

 hairs ; (Tab. I. Fig. 10.) From the umbilicus proceeds the 

 funiculus umhUicalis or podospermium, a thread which effects 

 the insertion of the seed. 



A leafy or solid expansion of the funiculus umbilicalis 

 frequently surrounds the seed, and is known by the name of 

 arillus. In the Nutmeg, the mace is nothing else but this 

 arillus. In the Oxalidese, this membrane has a certain elasti- 

 city, by means of which the seeds are pushed forth. In 

 Euonymus, and in fresh CofJee- beans, this arillus can be very 

 distinctly seen. 



Small hooks (retinaculd) are observed on the seeds of the 

 Acantheae, by whose elasticity the opening of the capsule and 

 the ejection of the seed is favoured ; (Tab. I. Fig. 37.) 



