HISTORY OF BOTANY. 



311 



in three volumes, at Oxford 1715, in folio, and contains more 

 than 3600 species of plants, arranged according to the natu- 

 ral method, and illustrated with good plates. In the steps of 

 Morison followed John Ray, an English clergyman, who, af- 

 ter having travelled during many years through the whole of 

 Europe, lived without preferment, and died 1 705. His Me- 

 thodus Plantarum emendata, the third edition of which was 

 published in 1733, contains the true principles according to 

 which the genera and species of plants ought to be distin- 

 guished. At the same time, a natural method is pointed out 

 in the same work, in which attention is paid as much as pos- 

 sible to all and each of the parts, and no preference is given 

 to one above the rest. Ray also distinguished himself with 

 respect to the British Flora, by his Synopsis Methodica Stir- 

 pium Britannicarum, published for the third time by Dille- 

 nius in 1724. He likewise published a general view of the ve- 

 getable kingdom, according to the natural method, under the 

 title Historia Plantarum, in three volumes, London, 1686 till 

 1704, folio. 



Paul Herman, a Professor at Ley den, wlio died in 1695, 

 attempted to improve this method, by paying more regard 

 to the fruit ; as did also Herman Boerhaave, who was Profes- 

 sor in the same place, and died 1738. The Flores Flora? 

 Lugduni-Batavae, Leyden 1690 — 12, of the former author ; 

 and the Index I. and II. Plantarum, quae in Horto Lugdu- 

 nensi aluntur, of the latter, Leyden 1720-4, deserve here to 

 be noticed. 



446, 



.Although botanists were now in a fair way of introducing the 

 ^latural method, attempts were not wanting to lay the foun- 

 dation of an artificial system, for the sake of beginners. The 

 corolla was the first part that drew attention, and its division 

 and form were the foundations of the earliest artificial system. 

 Augustus Quirinus Rivinus, Professor in Leipzig, who died 

 1725, set out in his great work, Introductio generalis in Rem 

 Herbariam, Leipzig 1690 till 1699, in folio, from the prin- 

 ciple that the corolla, as being the part which marks the per- 



