HISTORY OF BOTANY. 



319 



a higher value upon the corolla and petals than upon the 

 fruit and seed ; — and, lastly, that he overlooked many species, 

 from incorrectly regarding them as subspecies. 



He was born at Roshult, in Sweden, 1707, and performed, 

 in 1732, his memorable journey through Lapland, from 

 which he brought, as a sort of botanical booty, his admirable 

 Flora Lapponica, the second edition of which was published, 

 by Smith, at London, 1792. In Hartecamp, in Holland, 

 where he was superintendant of the Clifford Garden, from 

 1735 to 1737, he first published his Systema Naturae, Ley- 

 den, 1735, folio; then the Hortus Chffortianus, Leyden, 1736, 

 folio; and, besides other treatises, the Genera Plantarum, 

 Leyden, 1737, in octavo. In 1741 he was professor at Up- 

 sal, and published, 1745, his classical Flora Suecica ; in 

 1751, the Philosophia Botanica ; and, in 1753, for the first 

 time, his Species Plantarum, in which 7300 species were enu- 

 merated. In 1762, the second edition of this work appeared, 

 in which the number of species had been increased by about 

 1500. His later discoveries were published in the Mantissa 

 Prima and Altera, and he died 1778. 



456. 



In his own time, a certain degree of opposition continued 

 to be made in Germany and France, to the innovations which 

 he introduced. In Germany this was occasioned, in the 

 jirst place, by the favourers of the system of Rivinus, to 

 whom belonged, in particular, Chr. Gottl. Ludwig, professor 

 at Leipsig, who died in 1773 ; and by whom the system of 

 Rivinus was always considered as fundamental, in his Defini- 

 tiones Plantarum, although he endeavoured to connect it 

 with the Linnaean System, In the second place, the autho- 

 rity of Haller, who was too much an enemy to the innovations 

 of Linnaeus, was detrimental to their extension. And, in the 

 last place, attempts were made to substitute other systems in 

 the place of the Linnaean, among which that proposed by 

 John Gottlieb Gleditsch, professor at Berlin, who died 1786,, 

 deserves chiefly to be mentioned. This system appeared 

 in 1764, and founded the arrangement of plants simply 



