320 



HISTORY OF BOTANY. 



upon the situation of the filaments, (140.) In France, the 

 same thing happened, partly from the too great favour with 

 which the system of Tournefort was received, partly because 

 Michael Adanson, of the Academy at Paris, who died 1806, 

 had again directed the attention of botanists, in his Fa- 

 milies des Plantes, to the natural affinities (164), and Bern- 

 hard Jussieu, professor at Paris, who died 1777, founded 

 upon them a Natural Method, which is usually denomi- 

 nated the System of Trianon, because the plants were ar- 

 ranged according to this system in the royal garden at that 

 place ; (Mem. de T Acad, de Paris, 1774, p. 175— -197.) The 

 founder of this system took, as the principle of arrangement, 

 and the bond of the natural families, partly the pretended 

 number of cotyledons, partly the number of the petals, and 

 partly the insertion of the filaments on the receptacle, the 

 calyx, the corolla, or the pistil. 



Meanwhile, the principles of the sexual theory were dis- 

 cussed during the time of I^innaeus, and this doctrine was se- 

 cured against objections and misapplications. Joseph Gott- 

 lieb Kolreuter, professor at Carlsruhe, who died 1799j in his 

 preliminary notices respecting some experimenls relating to 

 the sex of plants, 1761 to 1766, threw great light on the ne- 

 cessity of the co-operation of the two sexes. William Frede- 

 rick Von Gleichen, counsellor to the Margrave of Anspach, 

 who died 1783, raised some doubts respecting the actual pas- 

 sage of the pollen, and proposed many objections to the sex- 

 ual theory, (Das Neueste aus dem Planzenreich, Nurnberg, 

 1768, foho) ; and Caspar Frederick Wolf, of the academy at 

 Petersburgh, who died 1794, gave, in his Theoria Genera^ 

 tionis, Halle, 1774, the most complete discussion of the phe- 

 nomena of fructification, as he also gave the first explanation 

 of the evolution of the organs of plants from one another ; 

 (Nov. Comment. Petrop. xii. p. 403 ; xiii. p. 478.) 



457. 



The anatomy of plants was neglected in the time of Lin- 

 naeus. But George Christian Ileichel, professor at Leipsig, 

 who died 1771 ; John Hill, physician in London, who died 

 1775; and Horace Benedict de Saussure, who died 1799, 



