i6 



METHODS OF MARKETING. 



dig carefully at the shrubby base of it, and I 

 think you can divide off two or three small bushes, 

 which, nicely trimmed and heeled-in over winter will 

 do to set in the nursery next spring, and will make 

 fine trees, to the manor born. That is a valuable 

 apple. Three barrels at the first bearing is a large 

 product, and in a season when apples are very 

 wormy these were not touched by insects at all. 

 The Baldwin itself was once precisely such a come- 



by-chance tree. By turning up roots for adven- 

 titious buds, or by cuttings, suckers, layers or seeds, 

 were the radical old ways of the garden for propa- 

 gating fruits, and if this doctrine, commonly ac- 

 cepted, can be made to give the grafting nursery- 

 trade a wholesome check — so much the better. 

 Fruit-growers nnist have roots that they know, as 

 well as soils and maimres that they know. Go, 

 boys, and I'll go with you." 



METHODS OF MARKETING— II. 



MOKE ABOUT PACKAGES HOW FRUIT AND VEGETABLES ARE SHIPPED GOOD AND BAD PACKAGES. 



that it will not bruise. 



RATES are by all means 

 the most popular pack- 

 ages in the New York 

 markets and with near- 

 by shippers. They 

 are easily handled, 

 and produce can be 

 packed in them closely 

 and in such a manner 

 From the time they are first 

 used for strawberries, blackberries and raspberries, 

 till the close of the season, all sorts of fruits and 

 vegetables are packed in crates. For shipments of 

 vegetables and orchard fruits a cheap crate is con- 

 structed which answers the purpose nicely. It is 

 simply made of cheap rough material, the ends 

 being made solid and slats nailed on at distances 

 apart suitable to the fruit they contain. 



Plums are frequently packed loosely in these 

 cheap crates, and in such cases, of course, the slats 

 are placed closer together. By the use of his 

 strawberry and raspberry crates for other fruits the 

 grower is able to save considerable expense for 

 packages.. The 32-quart strawberry crate shown in 

 figure one is but one of a dozen different makes. 

 The difference in construction lies almost wholly in 

 their strength and the variation in prices. A cheap 



strawberry crate can be manufactured and sold 

 complete for 75 cents, but they will not stand much 

 hard usage. It is a good plan when using these 

 cheap crates to go over them with a few nails. 



strengthening the corners, and fastening clasp and 

 hinges more firmly. These are, as a rule, the weak 

 parts. 



All fruits which sell by the quart, blackberries, 

 cranberries and Seckel pears are shipped and sold 

 in the standard 32-quart strawberry crate. 



The 45 or 60-pint basket raspberry crate, figure 

 2, is probably more applicable to all purposes than 

 the strawberry crate. It will hold 8 to 12 ten- 

 pound baskets of grapes, which can be better 

 handled in this manner than separately. A cheaply 



Fig. 4. A good scheme. Fig. 3. 



constructed crate of the size and capacity of a 45- 

 pint raspberry crate is, in many cases, cheaper to 

 handle. 



Fancy peaches are put up in pony baskets and 

 crated as shown in our previous paper. Pears are 

 also put up in the same manner. Of course this 

 method of packing is expensive on account of the 

 increased cost of transportation, but the price se- 

 cured by the fancy and attractive packing, as well 

 as by their superior condition on arrival is usually 

 sufficient to more than equalize things. 



As stated in our first article, it would be almost 

 impossible to describe the many different packages 

 in which produce is brought into the New York 

 markets. Grapes seem to receive the best treat- 

 ment both in regard to uniformity of packages and 

 the manner of packing. The grape basket is 

 usually made in two sizes, one holding 5 pounds, the 

 other 10 pounds. The manner of construction is 

 similar in all cases, the top of the basket being 



