268 



A JAPANESE SUCCESS. 



so fast as to become a total loss. Wyoming Red and 

 Champion were very slightly affected. Detetoining to 

 do what I could so late in the season, I sent at once for 

 an Eureka sprayer, realizing that although I might be 

 too late to accomplish much this season the experience 

 might be of benefit another year. I received the sprayer 

 July 13th, which was about the time of the most severe 

 visitation of rot. I immediately applied the mixture to 

 all my vines in the most thorough manner, repeating it 

 after an interval of one week. The rot on the Concord 

 and Wordens was mainly brown rot, and some occasion- 

 al vines were badly diseased with black rot, The effect 

 on the brown rot was to stop it where it was, and those 

 grapes not affected ripened. The increase of black rot 

 was checked. The rot on the Pocklington was black rot, 

 and one week after the last application I had the rotten 

 berries picked from 500 vines. The vines were heavily 

 loaded and would have required severe thinning had the 

 rot not injured the vines. However, as it was, they 

 yielded an average of 8 lbs. to a vine. 



There was some subsequent rot, but not serious. The 

 Delawares were lightly mildewed when the mixture was 

 first applied, and it seemed to increase greatly, so that I 

 despaired of saving the vines, but after the second appli- 

 cation it was checked, and the third time I sprayed with 

 a solution of carbonate of copper, recommended to me 



by Col. A. W. Pearson, of Vineland, N. J. As this sol- 

 ution did not show on the fruit, he regarded it as equal 

 to the Bordeaux mixture. From the 900 Delaware vines 

 I marketed 92}^ per cent, of the actual grapes on the 

 vines which were well ripened and colored. 



The machine I used was the Eureka sprayer, made by 

 Adam Weaber, of Vineland, N. J. It is made through- 

 out of copper, very strong and durable, and is carried on 

 the back like a knapsack. *Its capacity is six gallons, and 

 it weighs 64 lbs. when filled. One filling will spray from 

 75 to 100 vines in full foliage on both sides. I easily 

 sprayed 1,500 vines per day. The spraying tube of this 

 sprayer beeng held low, the spray strikes the vine from 

 beneath and on a level. It is much more effective than 

 where a pump is used in a wagon, which application of 

 the mixture is very unsatisfactory. My experience in 

 the use of these copper solutions show that the spraying 

 must be thorough to be effective. Where the mixture is 

 thrown on with force and in a stream, as from a syringe or 

 pump, it sticks to the clusters and will render them un- 

 salable. Although spraying so late as the 26th of July, 

 I had no trouble from this cause. Hereafter I shall use 

 the carbonate of copper solution. The cost of spraying 

 one acre, 4 times, counting labor at $1.50 per day, is 

 with the Bordeaux $4.50 and with carbonate of copper 

 $3.50. H. S. C. 



A JAPANESE SUCCESS. 



AN ORANGE WHICH MAY BE HARDY IN DELAWARE. 



Not many years back, any orange was simply an 

 orange, with but one main distinction of variety, 

 given as to whether it came from Messina or from 



Satsoma Orange, Cro^^s Section. 



Havana. Then the Havana oranges, regardless of 

 size, shape, color or quality, were the top notch, 

 and supplied the desires of those wanting the best. 



The opening of orange culture on a commercial 

 scale in our own Florida has changed all this, and 

 practically driven the foreign fruit out of the mar- 

 ket, save as poor crops at home or especial cheap- 

 ness give it entrance. And our orange lovers have 

 learned to distinguish, even in the north, between 

 the many varieties received from Florida, and fre- 

 quently between the same variety grown in different 

 localities in the flowery state. 



The writer well remembers his first acquaintance 

 with one very distinct orange, the Mandarin type, 

 which, from an abundant crop, strayed into the in- 

 terior Pennsylvania markets a few years ago. The 

 peculiar flattened shape attracted the eye, and a 

 closer examination established the little fruit firmly 

 in the favor of many who then first obtained it. 

 The varieties of the species to which all of this 

 type belong (Qy/7« Aurantmm nobilis) are many, 

 and much superior to the original form which 

 pleased us. All possess the peculiarity of a loose 

 skin, readily removed without breaking the skin of 

 the interior segments. 



The Satsuma — also called Oonshiu, Kii Seedless, 

 etc. — is probably the highest development of the 

 Mandarin type. It is a pretty orange of the flat- 



