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BOOKS AND BULLETINS. 



moth, with recommendations for its destruction. Ef- 

 forts have been made to determine how 

 Codlin Moth long the pest has been known in th^ 

 in Nevada. state and how widely it is distributed. 



" Many localities seem to be free from 

 the moth, while in other parts from 50 per cent, to 75 

 per cent., and in one case 90 per cent, of the fruit is re' 

 ported injured this year. The longest period of injury 

 given is eight years : the average period is but two and 

 one-half years. It is a noticeable fact that 63 per cent, 

 of the orchards suffering the greatest injury has been 

 affected fW;" _j/£'(?;-. This gives us some idea of the 

 rapid increase of this pest in localities where it has 

 gained a foothold. This should be evidence sufficient 

 to show that these localities and finally the fruit section 

 of the entire state will be overrun by this destructive 

 enemy if its progress is not checked. It is found that 

 the injury thus far is confined mainly to the counties of 

 Ormsby, Washoe, Elko and Douglas. According to the 

 answers received, over 30 per cent, of the apples of 

 these counties are injured this year. It is generally 

 acknowledged that the apples raised in Nevada are of 

 the first quality. When it becomes generally known 

 that this fruit can be profitably raised in this state, it is 

 more than probable that there will be a great increase 

 in the extent of our apple culture." 



Notes are made upon varieties of native plums. " All 

 of these varieties, except Brill and Hendricks, should 

 be picked when they commence coloring, and ripened 

 in the house if for family consumption, or packed, if for 

 market, as soon as gathered. They ripen en 

 Native route, acquiring a brilliant color and better 

 Plums, flavor than when ripened on the tree. The 

 plum is one of the most profitable fruits for 

 shipping to northern markets. The Wild Goose has 

 brought from $6,00 to Sio.oo per bushel in the New 

 York market for the last ten years." 



"The Hattie and Marianna grow readily from cut- 

 tings and are being used as stocks for peaches. They 

 seem to be less subject to attack by the peach borer than 

 either the peach or other varieties of plums. The 

 Missouri and Cumberland, on account of late flowering, 

 escaped frost in 1887 and 1888 when the fruit on all 

 other varieties was killed. " L. H. B. 



Thirteenth Report on Injurious Insects, i88g. 

 By Eleanor A. Onncrod, Consulting Entomologist of the 

 Royal Agriiiiltiiral Society of England. The first article 

 of this valuable report brings to light another plant at- 

 tacked by the nematode worms to which attention was 



called in the April American Garden. A disease which 

 has appeared in many parts of England, and commonly 

 called clover stem sickness is found to 

 be caused by one of these minute de- Clover Stem 

 stroyers — Tylenchiis devastatrix . They Sickness- 

 work upon the inside of the stem, 

 dwarfing and blasting the plant. This stem eelworm as 

 the author calls it, infests many kinds of crop and weed 

 plants, and can pass from one to the other ; conse- 

 quently rotation of crops is one point to be considered 

 in the matter of prevention. Some of the field crops 

 most subject to attack are oats, rye, clover, teasels and 

 buckwheat ; onions are also very liable to it, and there 

 is also a potato-sickness caused by Tylenchus devastatrix. 

 This new form of attack was observed by Dr. Kuhn in 

 Germany, and also by Dr. Ritzema Bos in 1889 ; and 

 as a threadworm or nematode attack has appeared in 

 potatoes in the United States, it is probable that this 

 same eelworm is causing it." 



"It is highly desirable, when there has been stem 

 eelworm attack to take as the next crop something that 

 is not known to suffer from it. * * * Infested earth 

 may carry the eelworm from one place to another. * * 

 One measure of prevention is deep plowing, or in smaller 

 areas trenching, such as will turn a fresh clean unin- 

 fested surface to the top ; and as a remedy when attack 

 is even seriously present, a dressing chiefly or entirely 

 composed of sulphate of potash and sulphate of am- 

 monia, at the rate of 3'3 to 4 cwt. to the acre has been 

 found to answer. " 



Miss Ormerod illustrates and describes two currant 

 insects, to which fortunately Americans are yet strang- 

 ers. The first is a disease known as "bud-gall" caused 

 by a naite, closely related to those which 

 cause such curious malformations of maple Currant 

 leaves in this country. The second is the Insects, 

 white woolly currant scale — an insect very 

 similar to the cottony cushion scale of our maples. 



A number of insects affecting fruit are discussed. 

 The American reader is struck with the inconvenience 

 of many of the remedies proposed as compared with 

 our modern process of spraying with ar- 

 senites. As noted in a recent American Fruit Tree 

 Garden this process encounters a very Pests, 

 strong prejudice in England, but Miss 

 Armerod is earnestly striving to introduce the practice 

 there, and in the present report adduces much evidence 

 from our experience in its favor. It is to be hoped that 

 our conservative cousins will profit by it. C. M. W. 



