THE NEW AMERICAN MULBERRY. 



577 



cyclone or Eddy chamber nozzle, and for general 

 use in our work it has no equal. Fig. 6 shows 

 the manner of handling the apparatus. 



Economic mycology has such a vast field before 

 it that no one can predict what the next few years 

 may bring forth. We can only point out in a gen- 

 eral way some of the probable advances which our 

 present knowledge leads us to believe will be made 

 in the immediate future. In the first place, there 

 are the diseases of our cereals, which have received 

 very little attention. The losses to our grain crops 

 from the ravages of rusts and smuts is beyond 

 calculation. Again, there is an immense amount of 

 work to be done in the south and extreme west, 

 especially on the diseases of citrus fruits, cotton and 

 other crops peculiar to these regions. The diseases 

 of our small fruits have hardly been noticed, and so 

 we might go on through a long list of maladies. In 

 every case it will be necessary to study thoroughly 

 the life history of each parasite, as it is only by 

 knowing every stage of its existence that we can 

 hope to successfully combat it. In addition to the 

 diseases mentioned, there will be constant outbreaks 

 of new maladies demanding immediate attention. 

 Such occurrences are not uncommon, as is shown 

 by the appearance in California within the past four 

 years of a disease among the grapes which has 

 already caused millions of dollars damage. 



As to the matter of fungicides and fungicide ap- 

 pliances, there is an immense field for improve- 

 ment. As yet the 'main effort of mycologists has 

 been in the direction of finding effective remedies 

 without regard to expense, so that there is much 

 to be done toward cheapening the cost of treatment. 

 In our experiment stations, where mycology and 

 entomology are often combined, much might be 

 done in the way of experimenting with fungicides 

 and insecticides combined. There is a promising 



field here for investigation, and already several 

 states have entered it. 



Legislation against these pests is another matter 



Fig. 6. Running the Knapsack Pump. 



that is just beginning to be recognized as an import- 

 ant means of holding them in cheek. New Jersey 

 has quite recently enacted a law looking toward the 

 protection of her principal crops from the ravages 

 of fungi, and there is no doubt that if the matter 

 were properly agitated, other states would soon fol- 

 low her example. 



It is gratifying to know that the United States 

 stands at the head of all countries in the practical 

 work she is doing in this direction. France and 

 Italy are doing an immense amount of work, but 

 their efforts are confined almost wholly to the 

 grape. 



Washington. B. T. Galloway. 



THE NEW AMERICAN MULBERRY 



Fig. I, Fi 



THE New American is one of the very best 

 of the mulberries for cultivation in the 

 north. It is hardy, vigorous and pro- 

 ductive, and the fruit is large and of 

 pleasant quality. The fruit is black at full ma- 

 turity, an inch and a half in length, and evenly cyl- 

 indrical. It ripens during July and early August. 



I am unable to obtain any information as to the 

 origin and history of this mulberry. Ellwanger & 

 Barry, who furnished the specimen from which the 

 illustration is made, tell me that they have handled 



■ontispiece . 



it about ten years. A tree upon their grounds at 

 Rochester, N.Y., measures several inches in diame- 

 ter at the top of the trunk and is regularly loaded 

 with the long and pretty fruits. It is considerably 

 grown in California. 



It is strange that the mulberries are not more 

 generally known and cultivated. They succeed 

 under any ordinary treatment, and their sweet and 

 juicy fruits, ripening through four to six weeks, add 

 a pleasant variety to the fruit garden. The fruit 

 is unknown in our markets, although- many 



