THE \ 



Second. Plow towards trees, following by harrowing. 

 Ten summer workings with cultivator. Three work- 

 ings with shallow cultivator or weed cutter. Five hand 

 hoeings around the trees. — President J. R. Cardwell, 

 befoi f Oregoti HorlicullKral Association . 



Forthe Table. — Kasplicn-y Vinegar. — Pour over four 

 quarts of red raspberries sufficient vinegar to cover 

 them, and let them stand twenty-four hours. Then 

 scald and strain, and allow a pound of sugar to each 

 pint of juice resulting. Boil twenty minutes and bottle. 

 Will keep for years. 



Unft'nuen/c'd Grape Juice. — Cook the grapes, strain the 

 liquid, sweeten and boil a few minutes. Seal in air- 

 tight cans ; if this is well done the juice will not ferment. 

 If mixed with a little water it makes an excellent tonic 

 for the stomach. 



Curry Powder. — Take one ounce each of ginger, mus- 

 tard and black pepper, one-half ounce of cardamon, 

 three ounces each of coriander and turmeric, quarter of 

 an ounce each of coriander and cumin seed. Pound all 

 fine, sift, and keep tightly corked. It is nice in soups, 

 stews, or boiled meats. 



Grape Jelly. — Bruise the grapes and put them in a 

 porcelain kettle, turning on a half pint of water to each 

 quart of fruit ; stew for ten or fifteen minutes and drain 

 off the juice. Take equal measures of juice and sugar, 

 heating the sugar thoroughly in the oven, mix with the 

 juice and boil eight or ten minutes. Dip into jelly 

 tumblers, and place in the sun to cool ; this will give the 

 transparency so desirable. 



Clioio-Cluno. — Take green tomatoes, cauliflowers, 

 beans, small cucumbers, and small onions. Put them 

 in a jar in layers of vegetables and salt. Let stand 

 over night, then cover with vinegar and parboil. 

 When sufficiently soft pour in mustard, allowing one- 

 half pound of mustard to one quart of vinegar. Let 

 boil up once more. A few cloves, red pepper and a lit- 

 tle turmeric may be added. 



Mushrooms. — America is said to be the most waste- 

 ful of all civilized nations as regards food ; especially 

 is this true of those fruits of the earth which come to us 

 without toil or expense. It would be a work of real 

 beneficence to the poor of our land could we break down 

 the prejudice and ignorance which lets car loads of val- 

 uable mushrooms decay every week in the year through- 

 out the country. The edible fungi of the United States 

 are said to number one thousand ; Dr. Curtis has proved 

 that one hundred and twelve species in North Caro- 

 lina alone are good, having found no less than forty in 

 one locality, within a radius of two miles. Charles 

 Mcllvaine states that he has them on his table from 

 April to December. In the southern states they can be 

 had the entire year. The peasantry of Russia, Italy, 

 China and Japan use them extensively, fresh and dried, 

 in the place of meat, which they closely resemble in 

 some respects. In England by the many, in America 

 by the few, among the educated, are they sought after 

 as a luxury ; but the laborer whose scanty bill of fare 



SA \ . 687 



needs enrichment, passes them by through ignorance of 

 their value. This state of affairs is really a disgrace to 

 a practical people, and to one who, like the writer, 

 knows by experience the pleasure of gathering, testing 

 and finally eating "toadstools," it is unaccountable. — 

 L. , Charleston^ S. C. 



Gathered to the "Fruit." — In regard to Mr. Drum's 

 criticism in "Conference Corner" for Sept., I should 

 have explained that the expression to which he refers 

 was only the printer's translation of my wretched manu- 

 script. I wrote "when they are all gathered to the 

 feast." Perhaps I would not have been misunder- 

 stood had I said "when the seed-leaves are covered by 

 the bugs. " Of course the bugs do their injury when the 

 plants are in a very young state. I thought that every 

 one would recognize the error as a typographical one. — 

 W. F. Massey. 



The Sow- Bug. — The animal commonly known un- 

 der this name is no bug at all, but belongs to the class 

 Crustacea, which includes the lobster, crab, etc. These 

 differ from the class Insecta principally in the method 

 of breathing, which is done by means of gills. The com- 

 mon sow-bugs belong to the order isopoda, family onis- 

 cid», genus parcellio, six species of which have been 

 described. P. vittatus is probably the most common 

 species, although some of the others are quite abundant. 

 These crustaceans are found in all damp, dark places, 

 and feed upon decaying animal and vegetable matter. 

 They are perfectly harmless, and are much sought for 

 by poultry, being with them a much more important 

 article of diet than is commonly supposed. In former 

 times the species of this family were much used in 

 medicine, and one of the old books tells us that when 

 dried and pulverized "they leave a faint disagreeable 

 smell, and a somewhat pungent sweetish nauseous taste, 

 and are highly celebrated in suppressions, in all kinds 

 of obstructions of the bowels, in the jaundice, ague, 

 weakness of sight, and a variety of other disorders." 



A Garden Herbarium. — The horticultural depart- 

 ment of Cornell I'niversity Experiment Station is 

 making a large and important collection of cultivated 

 plants. Collectors are sent to leading nurseries and 

 botanists are employed in many parts of the country to 

 collect the cultivated plants from commercial establish- 

 ments. Everything upon the Cornell grounds is pre- 

 served, and recently Professor L. H. Bailey has turned 

 over to the University his whole collection of cultivated 

 plants. Not only the species, but all cultivated varie- 

 ties are preserved. This is probably the first distinct 

 attempt of this kind in this country. — Botanical GoMite. 



A New Hollyhock Disease.— Miss Effie A South- 

 worth read a paper before the Botanical Club of the 

 American Association for the Advancement of Science, 

 upon a new fungus which attacks house hollyhocks and 

 which she describes as Colletotrichiuni .■llthiCa'. It at- 

 tacks the stem, petiole and leaves, often causing a seri- 

 ous loss of plants. Bordeaux mixture appears to be a 

 remedy for it. 



