696 BOOKS AND 



known, one being the potato blight. This lima bean 

 mildew " tirst shows itself as a spot, having a white, 

 woolly appearance, usually on one side of the unripe 

 pods. The spot extends rapidly during damp weather, 

 penetrating and appearing on both lides of the pod, 

 which it often covers completely with a clear, white, 

 thick, woolly coating. At the same time the pod begins 

 to decay, and usually ends by becoming shrivelled and 

 black." Dr. Thaxter has not yet tried fungicides upon 

 this mildew, and he can only recommend that the dis- 

 eased pods be picked and burned, and especially that 

 all diseased plants be burned in the fall. 



Bordeaux mixture (6 lbs. sulphate copper, 6 lbs. lime, 

 22 gals, water) applied to grapes 

 Bordeaux Mixture six times (May 17, June 7, 13, 28, 

 for Grapes. July 16, Aug. 3), proved effective 



against the rot, although the sea- 

 son (i88g) was an unusually unfavorable one for the use 

 of fungicides, "When the grapes were picked, Sept. 

 23, the untreated rows had proved a total failure, not 

 maturing a single cluster, while the treated rows yielded 

 from 60 to 75 per cent, in good condition." 



The same Bordeaux mixture was applied three times 

 (May 22, June 14 and July 16) to plum trees which "al- 

 ways set an abundance of fruit which was wholly de- 

 stroyed by the fruit-rot, and in addition to this disease, 

 were subject to black-knot and to defoliation by the 

 plum leaf fungus." The "treated trees held their foli- 

 age intact up to severe frost in October, showed hardly 

 any black-knot, and matured a fair 

 Remedy for amount of fruit ; while the untreat- 



Plum Troubles. ed tree was defoliated in August, 

 matured no fruit, and was badly in- 

 fested with the black-knot." The mixture does not ad- 

 here well to the plums, hence the fruit-rot was not con- 

 trolled so completely as the other diseases. 



Bordeaux mixture (10 lbs. sulphate copper, to lbs. 

 lime, 30 gals, water) was applied three times (July 18, 

 25 and Aug. 3) to potatoes which were badly attacked 

 by blight. The weather was ex- 

 Bordeaux Mixture ceedingly unfavorable for the ex- 

 for Potato Rot. periment, but the treated vines 



showed unmistakable evidence of 

 the value of the fungicide for this disease. 



Dr. Thaxter gives short notes upon a number of fun- 

 gous diseases of fruits and garden plants. 



First Annual Report of the Kansas Experiment 

 Station for 1888. The report of the horticulturist and 

 entomologist in this belated report comprises over a 

 hundred pages, nearly equally divided between descrip- 

 tions of noxious insects and records of tests of vege- 

 tables. Potatoes, peas and tomatoes were tested in great 

 numbers, but there are no summaries 

 Fighting the or conclusions which will enable the 

 Codlin Moth. cultivator to form a definite notion of 

 what the experiments mean. The 

 most important feature of the report is a record of ex- 

 periments with arsenites and bands in fighting the cod- 



BULLETINS. 



lin moth. The results are expressed almost entirely in 

 tables without any summaries, and the full gist of the 

 tests cannot easily be determined. London purple and 

 Paris green were found useful in destroying the insects, 

 and it appears that a second application after an inter- 

 val of nine or ten days gave a gain of 3.2 per cent, over 

 one application. The late brood of larvae is not de- 

 stroyed by the arsenites, and Professor Popenoe thinks 

 that trapping by bands and pasturing with swine is 

 a necessary adjunct to the spraying. An experiment 

 with bands indicated that about 8.5 per cent, of the total 

 number of insects attacking the fruit was captured. 

 This is considered sufficient return to pay for the prac- 

 tice. Dates of blooming of many varieties of apples are 

 given as a guide to the proper time for spraying. 



Bulletin No. 10, Kansas Experiment Station. 

 Notes 01! Conifers for Kansas Planters. By E. A. Pope- 

 noe. Pp. 14. Professor Popenoe prefers, " as a rule, 

 to move evergreens, as indeed we do all trees, in the 

 spring, just before the buds open and the shoots push. 

 At this period the conditions are most favorable, because 

 the tree is exposed for the shortest possible time to in- 

 jury by loss of moisture from the leaves, 

 as it is now pushing new roots, and the Conifers for 

 spring rains may be expected at this time Kansas 

 to assist its revival. Success has usually 

 followed our trials of winter planting where proper pre- 

 cautions have been taken to preserve a large ball of 

 frozen earth about the roots, and to avoid the bruising 

 of the branches of the tree, an injury from which they 

 do not easily recover. Protection to the branches is 

 best afforded by drawing them carefully toward the 

 tree, and wrapping and cording to place the whole lower 

 part exposed to danger in handling, in burlaps, old car- 

 pets or similar material. So guarded, the tree may be 

 loaded by tackle upon a sled or stone-boat, and moved 

 with the minimum of danger. In this method of plant- 

 ing, it is of course essential that, on resetting, the crev- 

 ices about the frozen ball of earth be compactly filled, 

 lest on thawing, the earth fall away from the roots and 

 expose them to dry air." 



The species which have done the best upon the college 

 grounds, and which are recommended, are these : red 

 cedar, Austrian pine, Scotch pine, Table-mountain pine 

 {finus piDigens), dwarf mountain pine [P. moniana), 

 pitch pine [P. rigida), southern yellow pine {P. mitis), 

 white pine, Norway spruce, white spruce, Colorado blue 

 spruce [Picea piingens'), Siberian arbor-vitae, bald cypress 

 (Taxoditnn disiichiiiii], gingko, European larch. 



Bulletin No. 11, Minnesota Experiment Station. 

 This bulletin is concerned with subjects which belong to 

 the field rather than to the garden, but we cannot refrain 

 from speaking of some interesting notes upon 

 cross-fertilization and variation of maize. Corn 

 Mr. Hays has in all instances found an im- Crosses, 

 mediate effect of fertilization in corn. This 

 effect is easily seen when corns of different colors are 

 used. His most interesting record is an account of the 



