BOOKS AND BULLETINS. 



" Lime added to a mixture of white arsenic in water 

 will greatly increase the injury that this poison would 

 otherwise do to foliage. If the arsenic is all in solution, 

 the lime will then lessen the injury, as in the case of 

 London purple or Pans green." 



" London purple (Paris green and white arsenic have 

 not yet been tried) can be used at least eight or ten 

 times as strong, without injury to foliage, if applied in 

 common Bordeaux mixture instead of water." This is 

 a still more important discovery than the saving influ- 

 ences of lime, not only because the injury to foliage is 

 less, but because of the value of Bordeaux mixture as a 

 fungicide. "Perhaps it can scarcely be believed, but 

 it is none the less true, that I have been unable to pro- 

 duce the least harm upon plum or peach foliage with 

 London purple in standard Bordeaux mixture, in the 

 proportion of i pound to 50 gallons." If these results 

 are confirmed by future experiments, this will prove to 

 be the most important modification of arsenite applica- 

 tions yet devised. 



"The arsenites cannot, by any ordinary method, be 

 successfully mixed in a kerosene emulsion." 



"The arsenites mix readily in rosin compounds, and 

 do not seem to be more injurious to foliage than as or- 

 dinarily applied in water." 



"The arsenites in strong soapy mixtures do consider- 

 able more harm to foliage than when applied in water 

 only." 



"The arsenites mix readily in carbonate of copper 

 solution, and do not seem to do more harm than when 

 applied in water only." 



"London purple in sulphate of copper solution does 

 vastly more harm than when applied in water only." 



It will now be necessary to determine if the combining 

 of these various insecticides and fungicides lessens the 

 effectiveness of them. Chemical reactions must take 

 place to a greater or less extent, and it will not be sur- 

 prising if the merits of some of the compounds are in- 

 jured. Mr. Gillette has not tested this point with fun- 

 gous diseases, but he has done so to a limited extent with 

 insects. Larvae working upon the black-walnut were 

 confined and fed with London purple, Paris green and 

 white arsenic in the proportion of i lb. to 200 gallons of 

 water, combined both with lime and Bordeaux mixture 

 and they died in a short time. Walnut foliage was also 

 sprayed with London purple and white arsenic in com- 

 bination with lime with good results. 



"Stocks for the Cherry, Plum, Prune and Apricot" 

 is the subject of a suggestive paper by Professor Budd. 

 He discourages the use of the mahaleb stock for the 

 cherry, because of its dwarf character. 

 Stocks for the inability of most hardy cherries to 

 the Cherry, make a good union with it, and its lack of 

 adaptability to heavy soils. The mazzard 

 is a far better stock, but as it is too tender for the north- 

 ern prairie states, long scions should be used, and the 

 root set very deep in order that roots may start from 

 the graft. Professor Budd has no difficulty in grafting 

 cherries in winter, by keeping the scions dry enough so 



that they will not start before being used, and by keep- 

 ing the grafts cool and perfectly dormant after they are 

 made. Morello stocks are hardy and probably the best 

 for the hardy cherries of the west. There is little dif- 

 ficulty from the sprouting of morello roots in the or- 

 chard. 



The native wild red or bird cherry {Primus Penusyl- 

 vamca) is a good stock for "all varieties tried of the 

 morellos, dukes and heart cherries, by either grafting 

 or budding." It does not sprout badly in cultivation, 

 and Professor Budd is convinced that it will be much 

 used when its merits become known. The native sand 

 cherry [Primus pimiild) is also a good stock, notwith- 

 standing the fact that in the wild state it is a low and 

 straggling grower. "As yet its use for stocks is some- 

 what experimental, but we can say positively that it 

 unites well with our hardy sorts in budding, and it does 

 not dwarf the sorts worked upon it to a greater extent 

 during the first five years of growth than does the ma- 

 haleb. The pits are obtainable by the car load in north- 

 west Nebraska and west Dakota, and it should be given 

 an extended and fair trial." 



For plums, the myrobolan stock is commonly used. 

 •It is not hardy enough for budding in the west, and the 

 "hardy native and foreign varieties do not unite well 

 with its wood in crown grafting." The 

 Damas and St. Julian stocks are also un- Stocks for 

 satisfactory for the west. Professor Budd Plums, 

 recommends native stock, i. e., those of 

 the wild plum, for all sorts of plums. The hardy prunes, 

 as Black and Ungarish, "also do best on our native 

 plum stocks." 



Russian and Chinese apricots have been Stocks for 

 worked upon myrobolan and St, Julian the Apricot, 

 stocks, but the native plum appears to be 

 best. 



Professor Budd believes that fruits are better upon 

 their own roots, and he gives directions for growing the 

 stone fruits from root-cuttings. L, H. B. 



Bulletin No. 18, Cornell University Experiment 

 Station. Experiences in Spraying Plants. By L. H. 

 Bailey. Pp. ij. Illustrated. Professor Bailey's inves- 

 tigation upon the solubility of London purple as com- 

 pared with Paris green shows that over 50 per cent, of 

 the arsenic of London purple is quickly soluble in water, 

 while Paris green contains no soluble arsenic. This 

 discovery explains many of the in- 

 stances where injury to foliage has Paris Green, 

 followed the use of London purple, London Purple 

 and emphasizes the importance of and Peach 

 thorough investigations on the part Foliage, 

 of experiment stations before these 

 institutions assume to give instruction to farmers and 

 fruit growers. 



Tested upon the susceptible foliage of the peach, 

 London purple was found decidedly more injurious than 

 Paris green. 



After these important results, it is a little surprising 

 that Professor Bailey does "not discourage the general 



