700 



BOOKS AND B ULLETINS. 



use of London purple." Those who have damaged the 

 foliage of their apple and plum orchards by the use of 

 this poison will hardly feel disposed to employ it further 

 in the face of Professor Bailey's most satisfactory ex- 

 planation of the injurious results. 



The investigation was performed upon peach trees, 

 and the following is the summary of it: 



"I. Peach trees are very susceptible to injury from 

 arsenical sprays. 



" 2. London purple is much more harmful to peach 

 trees than Paris green, and it should never be used upon 

 them in any manner. 



"3. Injury is more liable to occur upon full-grown 

 foliage and hardened shoots than upon young foliage 

 and soft shoots. 



"4. The immunity of the young growth is due to its 

 waxy covering. 



" 5. Injury late in the season is more apparent than 

 early in the season, because of the cessation of growth. 



"6. Injury from the use of London purple may be 

 permanent and irreparable. 



"7. The length of time which the poison has been 

 mixed appears to exercise no influence. 



' ' 8. London purple contains much soluble arsenic (in 

 our samples nearly 40 per cent.), and this arsenic is the 

 cause of the injury to peach foliage. 



"9. A coarse spray appears to be more injurious than 

 a fine one. 



"10. A rain following the application does not appear 

 to augment the injury. 



"II. Meteorological conditions do not appear to in- 

 fluence results. 



"12. Spraying the peach with water in a bright and 

 hot day does not scorch the foliage. 



"13. Paris green, in a fine spray, at the rate of one 

 pound to 300 gallons of water, did not injure the trees. 

 Probably one pound to 350 gallons is always safe." 



The bulletin also gives the results of a trial of nozzles, 

 and it concludes that for large trees, the nozzles known 

 as "Gem," "Mystic" and "Boss" best 

 Nozzles for answer the requirements. He also pro- 

 Spraying, poses an ingenious device for compress- 

 ing the end of a hose, causing it to 

 throw a thin stream, as a substitute for a metal nozzle. 

 While I have not seen this apparatus tested, the question 

 arose, if the continual holding of the cord by which the 

 size of the opening at the end of the hose is adjusted 

 would not become a serious annoyance. In my experi- 

 ence with the Boss nozzle, I did not find it necessary to 



use a pole, but was able to spray the tallest apple trees 

 satisfactorily while holding the nozzle in my hand. 



Bulletin No. 19, Cornell University Experiment 

 Station. Condition of Friiit Growing in Western New 

 York. By L. FT. Bailev. Pp.ib. Illustrated. Professor 

 Bailey ascribes the general failure of the apple crop in 

 Western New York chiefly to an unusual development 

 of the apple scab fungus, Fusicladium dendriticttm, and 

 recommends treating the trees with at least three appli- 

 cations of ammoniacal carbonate of copper, one treat- 

 ment to be given before the blossoms 

 open, one just after they fall, and Failure of the 

 another three or four weeks later. *pple Crop. 

 The formula recommended is to dis- 

 solve I ounce of (precipitated) carbonate of copper in i 

 quart of aqua ammonia, and dilute when ready to apply 

 with 25 gallons of water. 



For the quince leaf-blight {^Entomosporium maculatuvi) 

 he recommends spraying the trees with the Bordeaux 

 mixture, made as follows: " Dissolve 6 lbs. sulphate of 

 copper in 16 gals, of water. In another vessel slake 4 

 lbs. of fresh lime in 6 gals, of water. When the latter 

 cools, pour it slowly into the copper solution, mixing the 

 two thoroughly. It is best to prepare the mixture a day 

 or two beforehand." 



The chief cause of the failure of the peach crop is 

 thought to be the "curl-leaf" [^Taphrina deformans). 

 The "yellows" of the peach is briefly described, and 

 peach growers are warned to cut out every affected tree. 



To avoid injury to the raspberry from anthracnose 

 {GLcosporiuin venetuiii'), it is recommended to keep the 

 plants in a thrifty condition. Experiments in Wisconsin 

 show that the foliage of the raspberries and blackberries 

 are susceptible to injury from fungicide applications. 



For the strawberry blight {Sphxrella fragaria), it is 

 suggested to spray the plants "once in a week or ten 

 days from the beginning of the growing season until the 

 fruit begins to ripen," with a solution of potassium sul- 

 phide (liver of sulphur), at the rate of i ounce to 8 gal- 

 lons. After the crop is gathered the plants may be 

 mown or burned off, or destroyed by spraying with one 

 pint sulphuric acid in six gallons of water. New leaves 

 soon start up and the plants are not injured. 



" The mildews and rots (of the grape) can be kept in 

 check by a timely and persistent use of Bordeaux mix- 

 ture. Begin before the flowers open, and spray every 

 week or ten days until well into August." 



Fruit growers are urged to secure a state law to aid in 

 the control of contagious plant diseases. E. S. G. 



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