PLATE 12. 



Caulophacella tenuis Lendenfeld. 

 Figures 1-19. 



1-8. — Distal parts of distal rays of pinules; magnified 600; phot. Zeiss, apochr. 4, compens. oc. 12: 



I, 2, of a large dermal pinule; 



I, focussed higher; 2, focussed lower; 



3, 4, of a small gastral pinule with stout distal ray; 



3, focus.sed higher; 4, focussed lower; 

 5, 6, of a small gastral pinule with spii-ally twisted spines; 



5, focussed higher; 6, focussed lower; 

 7, 8, of a small gastral pinule with slender distal ray; 



7, focussed higher; 8, focussed lower. 

 9. — Oxyhexaster: magnified 200; phot. Zeiss, apochr. 8, compens. oc. 6. 



10-12. — Parts of end-rays of oxyhexasters; magnified 2000; u. v. phot. Zeiss, q. monochr. 1.7, q. oc. 10: 

 10, the tip of an end-ray; 



II, 12, central part of an end-ray; 



II, focussed higher; 12, focussed lower. 



13. — Surface-view of part of the sponge-lamella, after removal of the soft parts with nitric acid; magni- 



fied 30; phot. Zeiss, planar 20 mm. 



14, 15. — Apical views (the lateral rays) of pinules; magnified 200; phot. Zeiss, apochr. 8, compens. oc. 6: 



14, of a large dermal pinule; 



15, of a small gastral pinule. 



16-18. — Oxyhexasters; magnified 600; phot. Zeiss, apochr. 4, compens. oc. 12. 



19. — Side-view of a large dermal pinule; magnified 200; phot. Zeiss, apochr. 8, compens. oc. 6. 



Lanugonychia flabellum Lendenfeld. 

 Figures 20-34. 



20. — Part of an irregular discohexaster with primary and secondary end-rays; magnified 600; phot. 



Zeiss, apochr. 4, compens. oc. 12. 



21. — A main-ray and adjacent parts of a plumicome; magnified 600; phot. Zeiss, H. I. apochr. 2, 



compens. oc. 6. 



22. 23. — The main-rays and basal parts of end-rays of plumicomes; magnified 600; phot. Zeiss, apochr. 



4, compens. oc. 12. 



24-34. — Hexactines and hexactine-derivates with fewer than six fully developed rays; magnified 200; 

 phot. Zeiss, apochr. 8, compens. oc. 6: 

 24, 25, with one fully developed ray; 

 26-29, with two fully developed rays; 

 30-34, with three to six fully developed rays. 



