32 



Processes and Schools of Engraving. 



was -also used, was done bv Andrea Schiavone (Meldolla) (Sebenico, 

 Venice; 1522 ?-82). 



There are also interesting landscape etchings in the manner of Titian 

 and Domenico Campagnola by Giovanni Battista Fontana and 

 Giulio Fontana. 



The best of the etchers of subjects of the later XVIth century in Italy 

 was : ■ 



Federigo Baroecio. Urbino, Eome. 1528-1612. 



The earliest of the Netherlandish masters to practise etching seems to 

 have been Lucas van Leyden, who etched a few plates, in one case 

 combining the method with his engraving, about 1520. He was followed 

 by Dirick Vellert (Antwerp; worked about 1511-44), who before the 

 identification of his name used to be called " Dirk van Star " from the 

 mark he attached to his signature. The Master of the Crayfish, 

 already mentioned among the engravers, also produced etchings. 



The late XYIth century shows an interesting group of landscape 

 etchers, of whom the most important names are : 



Pieter Brueghel, the elder. Brussels, Italv, Antwerp, About 

 1525-69. 



Jan Brueghel, the elder. Brussels, Italy, Antwerp. 1568-1625. 

 Hans Bol. Mechlin, Amsterdam. 1534-93. 

 Paul Bril. Antwerp, Eome. 1554-1626. 



In France the best etching of the XVIth century is formed hy the 

 ornament, and architectural prints of Jacques Androuet Ducereeau 

 (Paris, Orleans, Piome ; about 1510-80). 



Before coming to Van Dyck and Eembrandt we would mention a few 

 etchers, either contemporary or at the most about a generation earlier, 

 who escaped the influence of those great masters of the art. In Italy 

 etching, generallj^ characterised by light handling and a flowing style, was 

 bemg done by 



Guido Reni (Bologna; 1575-1642), Simone Cantarini (Bologna, 

 Eome, Verona; 1612-48), G. A. Sirani (Bologna ; 1610-70), Elisabeta 

 Sirani (Bologna; 1638-65), G. F. Barbieri, called Guereino (Cento, 

 Bologna; 1591-1666), Jose de Ribera (Jativa, Eome, Nax)les,; 1588- 

 1652), Salvator Rosa (Naples, Eome ; 1615-73) ; and in landscape by 

 G. F. Grimaldi (Bologna, Eome; 1606-80?). 



G. B= Castiglione (Genoa ; 1616-70) was more definitely influenced 

 hy Netherlandish etchers. 



The three most individual etchers of the same period are : 



Jacques Callot (Nancy, Eome, Florence, Brussels ; 1592-1635), and 



Stefano della Bella (Florence, Eome, Paris; 1610-64), for then- 

 numerous subjects from daily life and history, touched with the most 

 spirited fantasy ; 



Claude Gellee (Lorrain) (Chamagne, Eome, Naples, Nancy; 

 1600-82), for his romantic landscapes full of atmosphere ; and Wenzel 

 Hollar (Prague, Frankfort, Antwerp, London, etc. ; 1607-77), for his 

 wonderful series of topographical etchings. 



