Woodcut, Wood-engraving, and Melief -prints from Metal-plates. 17 



of the line-engraver. Thev largely reproduced the designs of John 

 Thurston (1774-1822). 



Samuel Williams. Colchester, London. 1788-1853. 



Thomas Williams. Colchester, London. Worked about 1830. 



In the latter part of the XlXth century a large proportion of book- 

 illustrations was done on wood, after designs by Sir J. E. Millais, 

 Sir John Gilbert, Fred Walker, Frederick Sandys, G. J. Pinwell, 

 and others. The most prolific of the engravers were the brothers Edward 

 Dalziel (1817-1905) and George Dalziel (1815-1902), and Joseph 

 Swain (1820-1909). 



Their work shows a complex combination of the black- and white- 

 line methods, attaining to great technical accomplishment. Work of 

 similar technical character was being done in Germany by F. L. Unzel- 

 mann (Berlin, Vienna ; 1797-1854), and other wood-engravers, after 

 Adolf von Menzel (Berlin; 1815-1905). 



In France two of the most skilful engravers of the latter part of the 

 XlXth century were A. F. Pannemaker (Brussels, Paris ; b. 1822) and 

 his son Stephane Pannemaker (1847-1900), who both worked largely 

 after designs by Gustave Dore (1833-83). Among engravers who 

 worked in America the most famous was William James Linton 

 (England until 1866 ; later at Appledore, Connecticut ; 1812-98), the author 

 of an important book on the history of wood-engraving. 



A splendid series of woodcuts, largely executed in the simple black- 

 line method of the late XVth and early XVIth century Italian illustrators 

 was produced from the designs of William Morris and Sir Edward 

 Bnrne- Jones for the books of the Kelmscott Press (1891-98). The 

 principal engraver was William Hooper (1834-1912). A large number 

 of the original wood-blocks from this press are now preserved in the 

 Department. 



Chiaroscuro woodcuts were produced in Germany from 1508 by the 

 follov/ing masters : 



Lucas Cranach I, Hans Burgkmair I, Hans Baldung-, Johann 

 Wechtlin (see above for dates). The process was introduced into Italy 

 by Ugo da Carpi (Carpi, Venice, Rome; about 1455-1523). It was a 

 popular method of woodcut in Italy throughout the XVIth century. 

 Besides Ugo da Carpi the best Italian chiaroscuro cutters were : 



Antonio da Trento (Antonio Fantuzzi?). Trent, Bologna, 

 Fontainebleau. About 1508-after 1550. 



Giuseppe Niccolo Vicentino. Vicenza, Bologna. About 1510- 

 after 1540. 



The identification with Niccolo Boldrini is uncertain. 



Andrea Andreani. Mantua, Eome, Florence. About 1540- 

 after 1609. 



Bartolommeo Coriolano. Bologna. 1599-1676. 



Chiaroscuro was also practised at the end of the XVIth and beginning 

 of the XVIIth century in the Netherlands and in France. The best 

 masters being : 



Hendrik Goltzius. Haarlem. 1558-1616. 



Abraham Bloemaert. Utrecht, Paris. 1564-1657. 



c 



