Fig. 2.— The Woodcutter. 

 From a woodcut by .Tost Amman (in H. schopper, Pcmoplia omnium Artmm. 

 Frankfort, 1568). 



THE YAEIOUS PROCESSES OF PREPAEING 

 THE BLOCK, PLATE, OP STONE, AND A 

 SURVEY OF THE HISTORY OF EACH. 



A. WOODCUT AND WOOD-ENGRAVING, AND 

 RELIEF PRINTS FROM METAL PLATES. 



Process. 



In woodcut and wood-engraving, the design is drawn directly on the 

 surface of the block, and the parts which are to print white are cut 

 away, leaving the black lines or spaces in relief. In the cutting of a series 

 of close lines in cross-hatching the work is delicate, as all the interstices 

 of the cross-hatching have to be cut out. The tool used is either a 

 knife, or a graver. The shape of the knife is like that of an ordinary 

 pen -knife with its cutting edge at an acute angle with the back of the 

 knife, as illustrated in Jost Amman's woodcut (fig. 2). 



The graver, or hurin, is a small steel rod, of square or lozenge section, 

 with its pomt sharpened in an oblique section. The usual shape of the 



