855 



few weeks before wanted ; they should not have 

 much heat, Hght or moisture for a few daj^s, and 

 then only gradually. 



Carnations and Finlcs are much admired when 

 grown in pots and flowered there early. They do 

 not flower well if too much warmth be given, but 

 the usual temperature of the greenhouse will bring 

 them forward a month before they can be had out 

 of doors. Whenever the roots make their appear- 

 ance through the bottoms of the pots, they should 

 be shifted into a size larger. They require very 

 little water, and love the light, and whatever ma- 

 nures are used to enrich the soil should be thorough- 

 ly rotten. The Pansy, on the other hand, delights 

 in half-rotten, strawy manure and turfy loam, If a 

 quantity of seedlings have been raised in the fall, 

 they will require potting this month. They do not 

 flower well here when the weather becomes warm ; 

 but when grown in pots, and forwarded slightly by 

 the aid of a cool frame, they do very well. 



Cacti and succulent plants generally, will scarce- 

 ly require water at all, unless in very dry situations, 

 and then receive but a slight sprinkling with a sy- 

 ringe. The rule " When you water a plant at all, 

 let it soak right through," does not, by any means, 

 hold good with these plants, if there be not some 

 other good exception. 



Oranges and Lemons will require the coolest part 

 of the house, and to receive no more water than 

 will just keep them fresh. 



VEGETABLE GAHDEN. 



Very little can be done now in this department, 

 except by way of preparation for another year. 



Manure can be placed on the ground wherever 

 required, and Asparagus beds, if not already done, 

 should have a slight covering of it. Bean-poles, 

 Pea-brush and stakes of all kinds should be got now, 

 the tool houses gone over and put in order, and 

 every thing kept in good order and studiously in 

 its place. When the season of operations com- 

 mences, there will then be nothing to hold back the 

 attention. 



Where there can be a heat of 60° commanded, 

 Bush beans can be easily grown in pots, and can 

 be gathered in two months from the time of sowing. 



If there is abundance of leaves or maf,ure at 

 command, and small frames, beds may be put up 

 for early spring salads at the end of the month. 



Radishes and Lettuce are, however, very impa- 

 tient of too much heat ; they will come on well if 

 the tempera-ture be kept at 45°. When it goes ' 

 above that, the sashes should be lifted entirely off. | 



The same remarks apply to the Potato and the ' 

 Early Horn Carrot. I 



Cauliflowers in frames require all the air possible. 

 Never allow them to become dry ; this is the cause 

 of many failures by way of " buttoning ofi"." 



(Joinmunirafions. 



SOME OF THE DIFFEBENGES BETWEErt 

 NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN GAR- 

 DENING-. 



BY P. J. BERCKMANS, ESQ., AUGUSTA, GA. 

 Read before Pa. Hort. Socy, Sep. 3, 1867. 



The climate of the Southern States, below the 

 35th degree of latitude, is so essentially different in 

 its influences upon vegetation from that of the Mid- 

 dle and Eastern States, that to do justice to the 

 subject before us would require more space than 

 can be given in a short essay. We must divide 

 the subject in two sections— first we have the 

 Fruits of the South. 



The Apple. This being the most reliable in its 

 products must rank as our first fruit in cultivation. 

 For years past the prevailing opinion throughout 

 the South has been that this fruit will not succeed 

 well enough to be depended upon as a profitable 

 crop. Happily, this prejudice is losing ground, and 

 more attention is being paid to the cultivation of 

 this fruit. The main failures are owing to the se- 

 lection of varieties unsuited to the climate, and the 

 training of trees as high-bodied standards. The 

 Northern and European Summer Apples generally 

 improve in quality here, but few late fall Apples of 

 the North are worthy of cultivation ; and, so far, I 

 know no true Northern winter Apple that is of any 

 value for us. The latter drop their fruit in August, 

 before they are perfected ; and, as a whole, are un- 

 fit for any purpose whatever. The want of South- 

 ern Winter Apples, long felt, is now amply sup- 

 plied. ^ Thanks to the eff"orts of our Southern Po- 

 niologists, we b.ave now a class of fruits which are 

 bringing the cuhure of the apple on a large scale a 

 profitable feature here. As to the quality of these 

 winter apples, numbers are of the very best descrip- 

 tion, and we have scores of varieties t mt will keep 

 until April or May in the middle sections of the 

 States of Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina and 

 Mississippi. 



The training of the App'e trees has been here- 

 tofore very defective. Having few works treating 

 upon Southern pomology, the public have been de- 

 pendant on the wtitings and teaching of the 

 Northern poniologists ; and, although no work has 

 its equal in the world to "Howning's Fruits and 



