226 PRINCIPLES OF P. VII. 



This defence, however, must also be con- 

 verted to punishment. Let them stand; make 

 no attempt to move them ; and you will find 

 that in a short space, frequently less than a 

 minute, they will move of themselves. If 

 you have patience to sit on their backs, and 

 keep them there for a time, it is the most 

 proper punishment for the offence, and will 

 surely cure them of that mode of defence. 



When these various defences, however, are 

 not powerfully set up, the general rule is to 

 push and carry your horse forward ; and, for 

 this purpose, at first make use of your switch, 

 in order to drive him forward, as you will 

 thus alarm him least ; for the spurs surprise a 

 horse, abate his courage, and are more likely 

 to make him restive than oblige him to go 

 forward, if he refuses to do so. Indeed the 

 application of either whip or spurs in these 

 contests, more than to shift the croupe, or 

 give efficacy to the hands, is of little use. 

 To repeat either, to make a horse go forward 

 when he refuses, is certainly wrong. He must 



