544 



On Mismanagement of Farm-Horses. 



surgeons of liberal education, and possessed of a competent 

 knowledge of both the principles and practice of their profession. 

 This improvement in the skill and education of veterinary prac- 

 titioners is, we believe, the result not of one, but of several, 

 causes. It has been brought about by the increased value of all 

 the domesticated animals, by the spread of knowledge among 

 agriculturists, by the necessity consequently felt throughout the 

 country of having skilful and thoroughly educated men to whom to 

 confide the medical care of stock; and it has also been promoted, 

 in no small degree, by the valuable instructions now afforded at both 

 the London and Edinburgh Veterinary Colleges in all departments 

 of veterinary knowledge. Farther, the Royal English Agricul- 

 tural Society and the Highland and Agricultural Society of 

 Scotland have materially contributed to the advancement of 

 veterinary science, and to the consequent improved position of 

 its practitioners, by their active exertions and liberal support. 

 The salutary influence of these two Societies on the improve- 

 ment of veterinary knowledge can scarcely, we think, be over 

 estimated. By patronage and pecuniary aid they have extended 

 and improved the courses of professional study ; by premiums 

 for papers on various veterinary subjects they have elicited and 

 -disseminated very important information concerning the manage- 

 ment of animals both in health and disease ; and, by the personal 

 interest which so many of their most influential members take in 

 the advancement of the veterinary art, the profession is rapidly 

 attaining that status to which its importance and usefulness so 

 justly entitle it. 



XXII. — The Chemical and Agricultural Characters of the Chalk 

 Formation. — By J. Thomas Way and J. M. Paine. 



The following analyses may, it is hoped, in some degree, assist 

 the practical agriculturist residing in the district of the chalk, 

 not only in the use, as manure, of the different marls and chalks 

 which are here described, but also in the cultivation of the soils 

 which are situated on one or other of the series in question. The 

 character and composition of the soil in one field is seldom exactly 

 repeated in the next, and the analysis of a particular soil is for the 

 most part of local and individual interest only. Where, however, 

 the different geological strata have well-marked characters, and 

 the surface is comparatively free from foreign drift, it will be 

 evident that the soil, however much altered by cultivation, will 

 largely partake of these characters, and that a knowledge of the 

 composition of the stratum will be a general guide to that of all 

 the soils which are situated upon it. 



