on Agricultural Implements.. 



639 



the screens of Mr. Whitehead and Mr, Scragg retained a large portion of 

 clay. 



In the manufacture of large pipes 9 inches in diameter, by horizontal 

 delivery and the use of a cylindrical horse, the machine of Mr. Whitehead 

 was perfect. 



Mr. Scragg has much simplified the internal arrangement of his 

 machine by substituting a chain for the rack and pinion: the pipes from 

 this machine were not to be surpassed for regularity and uniformity of 

 shape. After a careful examination of the working of these machines, 

 we recommend the horizontal delivery of Mr. Scragg and Mr. Whitehead 

 in preference to the vertical delivery of Mr. Clayton, but especially call 

 your attention to Roberts's Patent Hollow and Bonding Bricks as made bv 

 Clayton's machine. A. Hamond. 



The pipes so made are placed under ground with narrow spades ; 

 but in the form of the narrowest spade, if I may venture to speak 

 from my own experience, it is clear that, so far as regards clay 

 subsoils, a step has been taken backward in substituting a concave 

 tool for the old triangular lance-headed tool of Essex, with which 

 far more work can be done, by less exertion, too, on the part of 

 the labourer. There is hope, however, that on clay soils manual 

 toil will be superseded by the use of 



2. The Draining Plough. 



But for the American Reapers, Mr. Fowler's draining plough* 

 would have formed the most remarkable feature in the agricultural 

 department of the Exhibition. Wonderful as it is to see the stand- 

 ing wheat shorn levelly low by a pair of horses walking along its 

 edge, it is hardly, if at all, less wonderful, nor did it excite less in- 

 terest or surprise among the crowd of spectators when the trial was 

 made at this place, to see two horses at work by the side of a field, 

 on a capstan which, by an invisible wire-rope, draws towards itself 

 a low framework, leaving but the trace of a narrow slit on the sur- 

 face. If you pass, however, to the other side of the field, which 

 the framework has quitted, you perceive that it has been dragging 

 after it a string of pipes, Avhich, still following the plough's snout, 

 that burrows all the while four feet below ground, twists itself 

 like a gigantic red worm into the earth, so that in a few minutes, 

 when the framework has reached the capstan, the string is with- 

 drawn from the necklace, and you are assured that a drain has 

 thus been invisibly formed under your feet. The jury decided as 

 follows : — 



The implement went through the trial very well, laying in the tiles with 

 great apparent ease, worked by two horses, with a capstan which was 

 firmly and easily fixed into the ground, and afforded a tirm traction to the 

 plough by means of a wire rope and pulley. Progress has been made, 

 since the implement was exhibited at Exeter, in rendering the level of 

 the drains in a degree independent of the level of the surface ; but there 



* The macbine is made by Messrs. Fowler and Fry, Templegate, Bristol. 



