160 



Farming of South Wales. 



used, and that applied to ley wheat. Being drawn out on a pre- 

 cisely similar plan to the other, the straw is not charged, and the 

 manure put at very little, and no interest is calculated for money 

 invested. It would be foolish totally to disregard the peculi- 

 arities of some soils, and to dictate this or the other rotation for all 

 the soils of this variable district. If the land naturally favours 

 barley, let the chief produce be barley; and if the upland tracts 

 will not produce that delicate grain, oats must be sown instead. 

 But turnips will flourish anywhere ; only let the principle of 

 green crops be established, and it is very easy to modify rotations 

 to suit the peculiarities of any district. 



The moisture of the climate of South Wales will always render 

 the rearing of cattle a principal object. Already it is a country 

 celebrated for its fresh springing grass, and it will soon, it is 

 hoped, be distinguished by its root and green crops. Whenever 

 ley ground is taken up for a course of tillage, let the serious loss 

 that is now sustained by the poor pasturage of over-cropped land 

 suggest the important fact that, in returning land to profitable 

 grass, it must be laid down in a dry, clean, and highly manured 

 state. 



The Dr. and Cr. account of the shallow land, well managed, is 

 (by the experience of a large farmer) thus rendered : — 



Dr. Cr. 



s 





Rent, 



Cultiva- 



Muck 



















Crops. 



Tithes, 



tion and 



and 



Seed. 



Outlay. 



Produce. 













&c. 



Expenses. 



Lime. 





















$. 



s. 



s. 



s. d. 



£. s. 



d. 





£. 



5. 



d. 



1 



Oats . . 



12 



25 





8 0 



2 5 



0 



32 bush, at 2s. 3d. 



3 



12 



0 



2 



Turnips 



12 



70 



75 



5 0 



8 2 



0 



15 tons, 5s. . 





15 



0 



3 



Barley . 



12 



30 





8 6 



2 10 



6 



32 bushels, 3s. 3d. 



5 



4 



0 



4 



Grass . 



12 



4 





12 0 



1 8 



0 



Grass (pastured) 





10 



0 



5 



Do. . 



12 



4 







0 16 



0 



Do 



2 



5 



0 



6 



Do. . 



12 



4 







0 16 



0 



Do 



2 



0 



0 



7 



Do. . 



12 



4 







0 16 



0 





1 



15 



0 



8 



Do. . 



12 



4 







0 16 



0 





1 



10 



0 



9 



Do. . 



12 



4 







0 16 



0 





1 



5 



0 



10 



Do. . 



12 



4 







0 16 



0 





1 



0 



0 











Profit 10 yrs. 



5 14 



6 























24 16 



0 





24 



16 



0 



It will be found very advantageous, in rearing cattle, to give the 

 calves new milk longer than is now allowed ; and when skimmed 

 milk is substituted, a little linseed porridge should be added. 

 It is necessary to the health of calves to keep them in warm, 

 fresh, roomy cribs, where they can enjoy plenty of exercise. The 

 yearlings in winter do best in a well-shedded strawyard, with a 

 good supply of hay and turnips; and the older cattle in similar 

 yards, with turnips and fresh oat or barley straw. The cows should 

 lodge within during the night, and be supplied with hay, of which 

 they could have more were turnips generally grown and the young 



