86 NATUEAL HISTORY BULLETIN 



are often spatulate, spoon-shaped, or suger-tongs shaped, or bat- 

 tledore-shaped, and usually may best be called plataleiform or 

 spatulate. When furnished with receiving pits, they have been 

 called excavate ; but fossate seems to be a more appropriate term. 



The peculiar papilliform pedicellarige of the Paxillosa, with 

 two to four or more slender valves, apparently formed by modi- 

 fied spinules or granules, are also found in certain of the Valvu- 

 losa. Sometimes such pedicellariae are found associated with 

 larger valvular pedicellariae on the same specimen, as in the 

 genus Nymphaster, and in a few other genera. 



The following is the arrangement of the suborders and fam- 

 ilies adopted by the writer (op. cit., 1914fl^) : 



Order PHANEROZONA. 



Suborder I. Valvulosa Verrill = Valvata Perrier. 

 (Sense extended.) 



Family I. Ophidiasterid^ Verrill, 1867 = Linckiad^ Per- 

 rier, 1875. 



Family II. Valvastebid^ Fisher, 1911. 

 Family III. Asteropid^ Fisher, 1911 — Gymnaterid^ {pars) 

 of authors. 



Family IV. Oreasterid^ Fisher = Pentacerotidce Gray (re- 

 stricted) . 

 Family V. Mimasterid^ Verrill. 



Family VI. Goniasterid^ Forbes (restricted), includes An- 



theneidcB Perrier (restricted). 

 Family VII. Odontasterid^ Verrill = Gnathasteriim Perrier 



(pars). 



Family VIII. Ch^tasterid^ Ludwig. 



Family IX. Archasterid^ Ver. (restricted to Archaster). 



Suborder II. Notomyota Ludwig (as an order). 

 Family X. Benthopectinid^ Verrill; Benthopectinince Ver- 

 riU, 1894. 



Suborder III. Paxillosa Perrier (sense restricted). 

 Family XI. Porcellanasterid^ Sladen. 

 Family XII. Goniopectinid^ VerriU. 

 Family XIII. Astropectinid^ Gray (restricted). 

 Family XIV. Luidhd^ Verrill = Luidiince Sladen. 



