also abrupt and rises up to 25 or more feet above the lake. This 

 also is wooded (see Plate II, fig. 1, and Plate VI, fig. 1). The 

 abrupt beach on the Laboratory grounds is covered with bowlders, 

 but flatter sandy beaches are found immediately southward along 

 the west side of the bay, and northeastward to the long spit 

 which extends out from the northern shore of the bay at low 

 water. The former are shown in Plate VI, fig. 1, and the latter 

 in Plate VIII, fig. 3. 



Northward from the Laboratory the banks and bluffs vary in 

 height, much as along the western shore of Spirit lake. Wher- 

 ever groves are represented on the map the shores are higher 

 and more abrupt, and the beaches are bordered or covered with 

 bowlders; where the shores are treeless they are lower, sandy, or 

 rarely muddy, and the surface slopes upward gradually to the 

 more remote prairie uplands. The fiatter shores are usually 

 bordered with small swamps. 



Southwest of Manhattan the banks are usually 15 to 20 feet 

 high. Northward they then drop to 10 or 12 feet, but again 

 reach 20 feet at Egralharve, and at one point between Egral- 

 harve and Eagle Point, fully 30 feet. At Estherville Beach, 

 north of Eagle Point, the banks are 20 feet high, but become 

 lower, with slight exceptions, toward the north end of the lake. 



The beach at the northern extremity of the lake is sandy, with 

 swampy outliers, and the surface rises rather gradually to the 

 prairie knobs and ridges to the north. 



The eastern shore of the lake, quite to Okoboji, is bordered by 

 abrupt banks and low bluffsi. Near the north end the bluffs 

 reach 45 feet in height, but northward they drop to 8 or 10 feet, 

 with occasional headlands forming projections into the lake 

 which reach a height of 25 feet, and at one point just south of 

 the south line of section 1, of 30 feet. At Hayward's bay the 

 banks drop to a sandy beach and there are no elevations near-by 

 to the east. Southward from Hayward's Bay the banks vary 

 from 10 to 20 feet in height, excepting just north of the Inn 

 where the bluff rises 45 feet at oiie point, and continues at a 

 height of over 20 feet for some distance. Below the Inn the 

 banks are mostly abrupt and wooded, and the beaches are bowl- 

 dery, as shown in Plate V, fig. 3. 



Soundings were made in various parts of the lake with a 

 75-lb. weight, which served also for securing samples of the ooze 



10 



