CHAPTER XVII. 



RIO DE JANEIRO. 



DOMESTIC AFFAIRS, COMMERCE, and FOREIGN RELATIONS. 

 A.D. 1818. 



INCREASE OF POPULATION. IMPROVEMENTS IN RIO AND THE CONDITION OF THE PEO- 

 PLE. POLICE. MILITARY. WAR OF RIO GRANDE' DO SUL. REVOLT AT PERNAM- 



BUCO. ITS EFFECTS UPON RIO DE JANEIRO AND NEIGHBOURING PROVINCES. 



TALAVEIRANS AND PERNAMBUCANOS. FORTS. INTERNAL POLICY AND MAN- 

 AGEMENT. PUBLIC JUSTICE. REGNAL HONOURS BESTOWED UPON BRAZIL. 



ACCLAMATION OF THE KING. INCREASE OF SCHOOLS, KNOWLEDGE, AND 



TASTE. COMMERCE. ITS FORMER STATE. ROADS AND PORTS. PRESENT 



INTERNAL TRADE OF RIO. BANK OF BRAZIL. TREASURY. COASTING TRADE 



SOUTH AND NORTH OF RIO. COLONIAL TRADE TO AFRICA AND PORTUGAL. 



FOREIGN TRADE IN PORTUGUESE OR BRAZILIAN VESSELS, TO THE PLATA, 



ASIA AND EUROPE. COMMERCE WHOLLY FOREIGN, BRITISH, NORTH AMERICAN, 



SPANISH, BELONGING TO SWEDEN, AND OTHER STATES. POLITICAL RELATIONS 



AND PROSPECTS OF BRAZIL. 



AFTER my return from Minas Geraes, and previous to leaving 

 South America, perhaps for ever, I took another survey of Brazil and 

 its Capital. Since 1813, the period when the last minute description 

 of the changes which the City had undergone, is dated, the number of 

 Portuguese and Brazilian inhabitants had greatly increased; many 

 foreigners, also, had arrived from the Spanish Provinces, or as they were 

 now called, the Independent States of South America, and some from 

 North America, France, England, Sweden, and Germany. Had all 

 the strangers remained in the City, it would have been inconveniently 

 crowded ; but many of the poorer sort, particularly those from the 



