16 



DAVID ANDERSON-BERRY, M.D., LL.D.^ ETC., ON 



substance implied by the former Matter, and that by the latter 

 Sjpifit. 



There are thus four great realities in the Universe — Matter, 

 Spirit, Space, Time. 



Consequently there are four psychologies possible — four, no 

 more, no less. 



(1) Materialism, by which matter is proclaimed the only sub- 

 stance, and mind but a secretion of the brain as bile is of the liver. 



(2) Idealism, by which spirit is proclaimed the only sub- 

 stance. Of Idealism we have four principal forms, (a) Ideal 

 Dualism {Immanuel Kant). Here we have spirit divided into 

 two, first that which produces the noumena or what appears to 

 be the world without, and that which produces the phenomena 

 or the world within, with space and time as frameworks produced 

 by the mind for the noumena and phenomena, (h) Subjective 

 Idealism {Johann Gottlieb Fichte). Fichte took away the ex- 

 ternal object which he denied. The mind was everything. 

 Thus the advocates of this system in the German Universities 

 used to close a lecture by saying " Having completed our genera- 

 tion of the universe, to-morrow, gentlemen, we will generate 

 God." (c) Pantheism (Freidrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling). 

 Kant, to account for sensation, postulated an unknown entity 

 exterior to the Ego. Fichte found the cause of sensation in 

 some unknown and unconscious and spontaneous activities within 

 the mind, and thus deduced Nature exclusively from the Ego. 

 For this subjective and finite Ego, Schelling substituted an objec- 

 tive and infinite Ego which he called the Absolute. All the 

 struggles, the sorrows, the sins and the sufferings of the world is 

 the Absolute and infinite coming to consciousness in the Con- 

 ditioned and finite. This is Pantheism or the All is God. 



Still the Mind driven on in its search for Unity arrives at 

 {d) Pure Idealism {George Wilhelm Freidrich Hegel). This 

 is the system that has as its basic fact the formula " Being and 

 Knowing must be one and identical." And if you wish to learn 

 how Hegel brings it about so that the mind bows before this 

 formula and perceives Being and Knowing to be One and Identical, 

 read Hutchinson Stirling's Secret of Hegel from beginning to 

 end. The Thinker is gone. The object of knowledge is gone. 

 Thought alone is left, alone is real. 



When you have done th^'s you will be ready to perceive how 

 Scepticism in the history of the world's thought always f ollows^, 

 as Materialism precedes, Idealism. 



