208 REV. W. ST. CLAIR TISDALL, D.D., ON THE BOOK OF DANIEL : 



in Greek) would seem to point to a date somewhat advanced 

 in the Greek period." Elsewhere he refers to two other Greek 

 words. -yjraXryjpiov and KL6apt<;, contained in Daniel as still 

 further confirming his argument. He adds : " Whatever may 

 be the case vrith. Kldapii;, it is incredible that y^aXTrjpLov and 

 (Tv/j,(p(i)VLa can have reached Babylon circa 550 B.C.'' 



Let us examine this latter point first, since Dr. Driver lays so 

 much stress upon it. He is willing to give up KL6apL<;, because, 

 as is well known, Homer uses* it in Asia Minor (probably) long, 

 perhaps many hundreds of years, before Daniel's time ; and hence 

 Dr. Driver admits that both the word (used in Dan. iii, 5 ; vii, 

 10, 15) and the thing may have been well known before the 

 Macedonian Period in Palestine. To the ordinary mind it does 

 not seem altogether impossible that, if one Greek musical instru- 

 ment had become known in Babylonia before Daniel's time, two 

 others should have been introduced along with it, especially as 

 the names of other instruments mentioned in the same 

 connexion, whether themselves Greek (as was at one time afiirmed 

 by critics, though they now admit their Eastern origin) or not, 

 ^^ere not long afterwards known in Greece. To insist, as Dr, 

 Driver does, that these two names of musical instruments prove 

 " a date after the conquest of Palestine by Alexander the Great 

 for the composition of the Book of Daniel because they occur 

 in it seems hardly justifiable. But if he is right, what are we to 

 say to the occurrence of even 7nore words of Greek in dated 

 Aramaic papyri found in Egypt and belonging to a time co7\- 

 siderahly earlier than the Macedonian conquest of that country ? 

 Although the papyri from Assouan and Elephantine are all more 

 or less fragmentary, yet in the small collection published in the 

 original Aramaic by Arthur Ungnad in 1911, the total bulk of 

 which is considerably less than that of the Aramaic part of Daniel, 

 there are several Greek words. About three of these there is no 

 room for doubt. These are the words : ararrjp, apa^viKov, 

 and KiOoiv. About yet another wordf there may be some 

 doubt, though Levi, in his Chalddisches Worterbuch seems 

 to be con^TDced of its Greek origin. These papyri date from 

 494 B.C.J to about the end of that century, and are therefore 



* Iliad III, 54 ; XIII, 731 ; Odys. I, 153 ; YIU, 248. 

 t Di2 : which Levi derives from ra^isj probably in error. 

 ; See p. 210. 



