228 REV. W. ST. CLAIR TISDALL, D.D., ON THE BOOK OF DANIEL 



(22) ^i^l^t^TO : is the construct, pi. of pr^t^^nc, which looks 

 like a Gk. word. Can the latter part be a corruption of 

 dprefjLcov, topsail ? 



(23) ]DtD : pi. of DIO, which Le \d derives from rd^i^, probably 

 not correctly. Brockelmann doubts this. He is certainly 

 wrong, however, in deriving the word, in the sense of a plate, 

 dish, from modern Persian tasht, with which not a single letter 

 corresponds. 



(24) Ty^:]lT. I agree with Sachau that zamik (P. 13492, 

 line 17) is the Gk. word dpaeviKov, which occurs in the same 

 form in Syriac also, and in modern Persian, Turkish, etc., as 

 zarnik, zarnlq, zarmkh, zarnT. The various methods of spelling 

 and pronouncing the word show that it is borrowed. It does 

 not denote arsenic in the modern sense, for in Greek it was 

 applied to a paint, and hence suits the context, which deals with 

 shipbuilding. The document contains a large number of Persian 

 and Babylonian words, shewing how much these languages had 

 afiected Aramaic by the date (413 B.C.) w^hen the papyrus was 

 written. A few Greek words had also been adopted. Aramaic 

 had evidently the same tendency to adopt foreign words then 

 that it manifested in its later history. This was very natural 

 in a commercial tongue. 



(25) ^^2^*"^^^ : the word occurs quite frequently in the papyri, 

 also in Ezra v, 5, 6. The meaning is not quite clear, but it 

 does not mean " a wall," as generally rendered. Nor, perhaps, 

 does it mea,n forecourt, as others suggest. It occurs in P. 13492, 

 lines 5, 9, 21, as also, e.g., in P. 13495, line 11. Some suggest 

 a Bab. etymology, which seems doubtful. Possibly it may 

 be Persian, from some word cognate with 8kt. sarana, a refuge, 

 sanctuary. 



(26) D^^^TID, also written ]D^DnD : evidently from the root 

 which in Av. is fras, to ask, to enquire. In course of conjuga- 

 tion the stems peres, peresa, parsa, etc., occur. The verb is 

 used in Ach. too, and in the Gathas. As a noun /ram, a question, 

 occurs in the Gathas. With the prefixed prep, pati (= Av. 

 paiti, Skt. prati, Gk. ttotl,, 7rp6^),= to ask, to seek out ; to read : 

 patiparsdhy, thou readest, Behistun Inscr. IV, 8. Hence patipars 

 here means an enquiry, investigation, and patipars-in is its 

 Aram. pi. masc. Cf. Skt. pratiprasna, enquiry. 



(27) "^nr\D is the Gk. aTarrjp : it occurs in Ass. (in Artaxerxes' 

 time) as istatiru (Hilprecht, Bab. Exp. of Univ. of Pennsylvania, 

 Series A, Vol. IX). Persian words too occur there, such as 



