FROM WORLD-DOMINION TO SUBJECTION. 



137 



precise), the more ancient Britain is confounded with "England." 

 In each case the two names are employed interchangeably. 



In a work published some years ago I pointed out the bearing of 

 such interchange of names upon the familiar Isaianic problem. In 

 the early division of Isaiah. Babylon and Assyria are found in close 

 connection (as, for instance, in chapters 13 and 14), a fact which 

 suggests that the Babylon of the second part of the Book was not 

 the New Babylon of the Exile, but rather Old Babylon as con- 

 tinued in the Assyrian Empire. From the inscriptions we know that 

 the kings of Assyria claimed to be kings of Babylon ; and thither 

 they deported prisoners (2 Chron. xxxiii, 11 ; cp. 2 Kings xvii, 

 24 IF.). Moreover, it is noteworthy that Cyrus, King of Persia^ was- 

 also styled "King of Babylon" (Ezra i, 1 ; v, 13). 



Rev. Andrew Craig Robinson, M.A. :— 



Three accounts — and three accounts only — of the career of Cyrus 

 have come down to us in the writings of classical antiquity — 



1st. The account of Ctesias preserved in a fragment of Nicho- 

 laus of Damascus. 



2nd. The account of Herodotus contained in the first Book of 

 his History. 



3rd. The account of Xenophon contained in his Cyropedia. 



Which of these is contradicted, and which supported, by the cunei- 

 form inscriptions 1 



According to Ctesias, Cyrus was the son of a fellow named Atra- 

 dates of the Mardian tribe, whose poverty caused him to live by 

 plunder, whilst his mother, whose name was Argoste, made a living 

 by keeping goats. This must be allowed to have been a very lowly 

 origin indeed. 



According to Herodotus, Cyrus was the son of a private Persian of 

 good family named Cambyses, and his mother's name was Mandane, 

 the daughter of Astyages, King of Media. 



According to the cuneiform inscriptions, Cyrus was of roj^al 

 descent. The Cyrus Cylinder proclaims his royal pedigree : — 



" I am Cyrus King of the host, the great King, the powerful 

 King, King of Zindir, King of the land of Sumer and Accad, 

 King of the Four Regions, son of Cambyses, the great King, 



