PHILOLOGY TO THE TRUTH OF THE OLD TESTAMENT. 205 



forbade syllabic additions at the beginning. We can trace the 

 process from biliteral into doubling of the last consonant, then 

 the use of the old case-ending, as in the verb n2p, qct-nah, with 



which we are dealing, the 3rd perf. masc, the ct of which may 

 well be the old accusative ending, and there is always the 

 possibility of the transference of the significant vowel-sound 

 from between the biliterals to the end of the stem. Then 

 came the bold introduction of the third consonant which became 

 so popular as to be adopted by the Semitic-speaking 

 world. 



With this in mind, let us now return to our Verb ^'H^'ip, qci- 

 ni-thi, from which we separated the pronominal element ^T) thi 



or ti. This first pers. sing, pronoun is represented in Ethiopic by 

 tb, ^w-, and the Ic, is that of ''^ib^, 'd-no-khi, I in Hebrew, repre- 

 sented by the 7 of 67(0 in Greek, ego in Latin, etc. The q of 

 qui, quae, quod is from the same source ; and as Mr. Sewell 

 pointed out in his interesting paper on Pompeii, this Latin q is 

 found in Oscan (but is not confined to Oscan) under the form 

 of See " Transactions of the Victoria Institute," 1913, p. 122. 

 So that philologists will see from this one instance how widely 

 extended are the sounds springing from ^ hv, for the q is 

 simply the A-sound pronounced further back in the mouth until 

 it has reached the guttural q, while the p is the result of a 

 journey by small stages in the opposite direction, forward in 

 the mouth, until finally the closed lips are brought into operation 

 in the Oscan 2^. ^^"^^ 'and, the first part of 'd-no-khi, is evidently 



an old nominative form ending in d = u. It also is widely 

 distributed in Semitic and Indo-European. 



Take now what is left of the verb, ''ip^ qd-ni, and if we com- 

 pare this with the two forms of the proper noun ^S^'^^Q^ Fmi- 

 Fenii-el, which w^e find in Genesis xxxii, 31-32, we 

 find that the ending %, agrees with the first form. Now the 

 first is the form of the genitive case which ends in % and the 

 second ^23, Fenu, has the old nominative ending in u. As has 

 been mentioned, there was also in Semitic a case-ending for the 

 accusative in d. These old case-endings u, i, and a, for 

 nominative, genitive, and accusative, were part of the common 

 stock of the parent speech of Semitic-Indo-European, and with 

 the endings m and n, along with the original feminine t ending, 

 play a most important part in the development of verbs, nouns, 

 and participles in Indo-European. Even the a of the feminine 



