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DR. E. W. G. MASTERilAX, ON 



this and the wall lie found a paved street upon which actually 

 lay the remains of the broken arch itself. Under the unbroken 

 pavement was found the voussoir of a still earlier arch, lying 

 partly in a rock-cut aqueduct 11 feet deep. The earlier arch, 

 we know, had been broken down by the Jews in 63 B.C. in 

 anticipation of an attack by Pompey, and the later arch, which had 

 been reconstructed by Herod, was destroyed by Titus in a.d. 70. 

 The archway supported a roadway from the western hill across 

 the T}Topoean Valley — which is here 70 feet below the present 

 surface — into the temple area. As regards the great rock-cut 

 drain, it belonged to a very ancient water system which con- 

 ducted water into the "lower city " (as it was called in the time 

 of Josephus) — the original " City of Da^^d." More important 

 to our present subject was the discovery by Warren of a massive 

 wall 14^ feet thick, which joined on by a straight joint to the 

 present south-east corner of the city, and which he traced, running 

 in a south-easterly direction, along the edge of the so-called Ophel 

 Hill for 700 feet. Along its course were found four small towers 

 with a projection of 6 feet and a great tower of large stones 

 projecting 41^ feet with a face of 80 feet and standing imder the 

 present surface to a height of 66 feet. Warren considered that 

 this may be the tower that standeth out" of Neh. iii, 25. 

 Another discovery he made was the great rock-cut tunnel 

 generally known as Warren's Shaft, which commenced to the 

 west of the Virgin's Spring " (Gihon) in a rock-cut pit 28 feet 

 deep and descended by steps to a depth of 9i|- feet below the 

 level of the rock surface. This sloping passage was 23 feet high 

 and 13 feet broad, and belongs to the same kind of work as the 

 great water tunnel at Gezer. Like it, it was made to reach the 

 city's spring from within the ancient city walls, and it may 

 probably be dated some 2000 years B.C. 



The second important link in our understanding the position 

 of the ancient southern wall was the discovery in 1875 by 

 Mr. Henry Maudslay of the massive rock-cut tower, 45 feet 

 square and 20 feet high, now incorporated in the C.M.S. boys' 

 school. This great mass of rock-scarping undoubtedly belonged 

 to the foundations of a tower which stood at the south-western 

 corner of the ancient city, and scarped rock running north from this 

 to the present south-west corner of the city clearly demonstrated 

 the line of the southern part of the western wall of the city. 

 From this tower another scarp ran east, skirting the northern side 

 of the present boys' playgroimd and the Anglo-G-erman cemetery. 



