134 



DR. E. W. G. MASTERMAN, ON 



Siloam now runs out. Near this was the " King's Pool," perhaps 

 represented to-day by the Birket el Hamra. Here Nehemiah 

 apparently proposed to turn into the city, " but there was no 

 place for the beast that was under me to pass " (Keh. ii, 14), so 

 he went up the Nahal (Kidron), viewed the walls from there, 

 and retraced his steps to the Valley Gate. From the other 

 accounts we can follow the circuit of the city. The wall was 

 carried " over against the sepulchres of David," which must 

 have stood in the original City of David above Gihon, past " the 

 pool that was made " (probably at the entrance to the cave in 

 which Gihon rose) and to the " tower that standeth out," i.e., 

 Warren's tower. Near here we have mention of a Water Gate 

 just where we might expect it, as water would be carried this 

 way from Gihon to this temple. Proceeding north, we come to 

 the " Horse Gate," which we know was close to the entry of the 

 King's house (2 Kings xi, 16 ; 2 Chron. xxiii, 15 ; Jer. xxxi, 40). 



The expression " above " the Horse Gate may imply that the 

 gate itself was a rock-cut tunnel such as occurs, for example, at 

 Kerak. It must have been near the present south-eastern angle 

 of the city. Thence " repaired the priests, every one over 

 against his own house," the houses being to the east of the 

 temple. Then comes the Gate of Hammephkad, somewhere 

 near where the so-called Golden Gate now elands, and finally the 

 Sheep Gate, which the references in Neh. iii, 1, 31 ; xii, 39, show 

 was at the eastern extremity of the north wall. 



The two towers Hananeel and Hammeah (Neh. iii, 1 ; xii, 39) 

 appear to have been the most northerly points of the city (Zee. 

 xiv, 10) and may well have been where later the fortress Baris 

 and still later the Eomjan fortress of Antonia (and to-day the 

 Turkish barracks) successively stood. 



The Fish Gate (Neh. xxxiii, 12, 39 ; Zeph. i, 10), where the 

 men of Tyre sold their fish (Neh. xiii, 16), is generally considered 

 to have stood somewhere on the sam.e kind of position across the 

 Tjrropoean Valley, though farther south, that the Damascus Gate 

 now occupies. It may well be identical with the "middle gate" 

 of Jer. xxxix, 3. 



The next gate to the west, after apparently a considerable 

 interval, is translated the " Old Gate," but more correctly the 

 Gate of the Old . . . — either old city or old wall. This gate 

 has also been identified as the Corner Gate of 2 Kings xiv, 13 ; 

 2 Chron. xxv, 23 ; Jer. xxxi, 38 ; Zee. xiv, 10, and with the First 

 Gate of Zee. xiv, 10. There is strong reason for believing that 



