THE WALLS OF JERUSALEM AT VARIOUS PERIODS. 137 



showed) by the Empress Eudoxia, widow of Theodosius II (a.d. 

 450), but this apparently did not last long — the city probably 

 was too small to need such a circuit and Hadrian's line was too 

 strong a defence to make the restored line necessary. Again in 

 the fifth and again in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, 

 we know from contemporary plans, the top of the southern 

 end of the western hill, with the traditional Coenaculum and the 

 tomb of David, was enclosed. The remains of these walls were 

 also recovered by Bliss. When Suleiman made this last and 

 complete wall he fell back upon the old Roman lines, which have 

 survived to this day. 



I feel I have strained your patience to the utmost, but the 

 subject is a very wide one and contains so many items of interest 

 that, even in a paper of this length, only a bare outline has been 

 possible. 



Discussion 



The Chairman : There is so much interest and importance 

 connected with the subject of Dr. Masterman's lecture that one 

 scarcely knows where to commence any discussion. As regards 

 the location of the original city of Zion, Dr. Masterman has a perfect 

 knowledge of the progress of modern research in the matter. Of 

 course, Sir George Adam Smith's recent book sums it up very fully 

 and conclusively, and the book of Prof. Sanday of Oxford led us to 

 the same conclusions 



There is one difficulty to my mind about it, and I should be 

 glad if Dr. Masterman could relieve it It is in regard to the Mount 

 Moriah dominating Mount Zion. I think we make a mistake 

 in concentrating on Palestinian archaeology without a sufficient 

 acquaintance bi recollection of Old Testament Scripture in 

 regard to other Eastern cities. The temple of Solomon was half 

 outside and half inside the city. Would you have a city with 

 an enclosure lying between it and the rocky background ? The 

 enclosure would be on a higher level approached by steps and 

 ramps, and on this platform a series of magnificent column porticoes 



am considering a city on a hill, and have to accept the shape of 

 the hill, but I get my hill, my platform, my porticoes, and I get my 

 temple platform beyond. The ideas seem to be common to 

 Babylonia and to this arrangement of the site in Jerusalem. 



