138 



DR. E. W. G. MASTERMAN, ON 



Another point seems interesting and important in the construction 

 of the planning of the city. Alexander brought out of Greece into 

 Asia the fine fruit of Grecian art and Grecian architecture, but was 

 bound hand and foot by tradition which quite unconsciously 

 re-created temples without variation. He comes to the East, sees 

 the plans of Egypt, the plans of Babylon, and Persia, and his 

 Grecian ideals become enlarged with the Egyptian sense of scale 

 and the Eastern sense of dignity, and the consequence is that the 

 ensuing age sees the great cities of Asia rebuilt on grand and new 

 lines, resulting from the combination of Greek taste and refinement 

 with Egyptian skill and symmetry. So you see Ephesus, so you 

 see Antioch, so you see Alexandria, and why should I exclude 

 Jerusalem ? Why in that area — the Herodian area — should you 

 exclude the effect of this Grecian thought infused with Eastern 

 imagination upon the great cities of Asia ? You see it in the plan 

 of Damascus in a most emphatic way, and I think I see it here. I 

 do not know how far Dr. Masterman will see this too. Here I see 

 Herod's great palace and hippodrome laid out and concentrating 

 upon the Acropolis, so I think it is important that you should 

 examine the plans of those great cities. For instance, I should 

 therefore plan the street opposite the temple across the centre 

 of the market place, the remains of the Hellenist architecture. 

 That is a much later principle in town-planning and you do 

 not find it until later in the Eoman period, but I am inclined to 

 look upon this as an indication of the same system of town-planning 

 which marks the great cities of the Grseco-Asiatic empire. I must 

 not detain you upon these points, which are rather beside Dr. Master- 

 man's subject. You come to Jerusalem expecting to see Roman 

 architecture and you see it Gothic, but you must remember that 

 the Jerusalem yon are looking at is the Christian Jerusalem, occupied 

 by the Saracens and fortified as against the Christian world, and 

 the fortifications belonged to about 1547. King Henry VIII died 

 in 1549, and I think I could put my finger upon what was being 

 done at St. Peter's in Rome in 1 547, and that is the period of these 

 walls which Dr. Masterman has been taking us round this after- 

 noon. 



I think it is my duty to invite you to discuss the paper, and I 

 must remind you to be very brief. 



