BABYLON IN THE DAYS OF NEBUCHADREZZAR. 185 



dedicated to this god. But the Babylonians had " brick for 

 stone," and " bitumen (or asphalt) for mortar," and we may 

 therefore be sure that the temple was whitewashed, like that 

 dedicated to Nin-mah, with the symbolical colour which the 

 deity loved. 



Next in Nebuchadrezzar's list comes the temple of the sun, 

 called E-dikud-kalama, " the house of the judge of the land," 

 which he raised on high with asphalt and brick. This is followed 

 by the temple of Hadad-Rimmon (Addu or Rammanu), called 

 E-namhe, " the temple of abundance." The above, from their 

 shortness, read like mere passing references, for the sake of 

 completeness, and this is also the case with the holy places 

 whose names follow — E-sa-bad the temple of Gula, goddess 

 of healing — " she who spareth my life," and for the goddess 

 called " the Lady of the Temple of Heaven " or "of Anu " 

 (possibly Istar of Erech). Several of the fanes of Borsippa are 

 likewise referred to. 



Another text gives the temples at Babylon which Nebuchad- 

 rezzar restored as being (besides E-sagila and the " Tower of 

 Babylon ") (1) the great House, the house of the lady of the 

 mountain (Nin-hursag) ; (2) the house of the Giver of the Sceptre 

 of the World (E-gis-nig-had-kalama-summa) ; (3) the house 

 of Nebo of excavations (?) (sa hare) ; (4) the Temple of Hadad 

 or Rimmon (Addu or Rammanu), and (5) the Temple of Judg- 

 ment, which was dedicated to Samas. He also refers to E-kidur- 

 garza, which Prof. C. J. Ball translates " the House of the 

 Judgment-seat " ; and the House of the Lady of E-anna, which 

 is in the district of the fortification within Babylon, both of which 

 he built anew. As these are also referred to in the India House 

 inscription, it seems clear that they were among his first works 

 in the city. But he goes on to speak of other shrines, among 

 them being the temple of Nin-Karrak, " the Lady of (the city 

 called) Karrak," otherwise Isin, who was generally known as 

 the goddess Gula. Her temple had fallen into decay, and had 

 also to be restored. Interesting are the phrases with which 

 he refers to the goddess — she was " my lady who loveth me, 

 who protecteth my life, who keepeth my offspring in health." 

 The temple of the Lady of Hursaga was called E-hursag-ella, 

 *' the House of the holy mountain," owing, seemingly, to the 

 sanctity of the goddess. 



Concerning the palaces and the fortifications of Babylon, 

 Nebuchadrezzar has naturally much to say, as they were his 



