THE TRUE TEMPER OF EMPIRE. 



287 



jserviiig in the tropics ; the collection and publication of reliable 

 iinnual records of work and research ; the preparatory measures 

 necessary for the production of a complete Imperial Pharma- 

 €opceia ; and provision for the care of the sick by trained and 

 skilled nursing. 



The imperial result of his activity may be briefly summed 

 up. On his initiative or with his encouragement, the attention 

 of the Empire was directed to the study of tropical diseases ; 

 research expeditions were sent abroad ; the cause and nature 

 of diseases that have long ravaged the tropical world were 

 discovered, and the means of prevention investigated ; new 

 diseases affecting men and the lower animals in new spheres of 

 our Empire have been brought to light and studied with a view 

 to prevention and cure. Already the result of these researches 

 has been an appreciable addition to the security of life and the 

 comfort not only of British subjects engaged in the work of 

 administration or in commercial and industrial enterprises, but 

 of multitudes of natives. And to secure uninterrupted 

 continuity in the work of research, medical men have been 

 trained in schools which have served as models for other 

 nations and have been taken advantage of by students from 

 many parts of the world. 



I turn to the uses of education as an instrument of social 

 equality in the area of intellectual capacity. Mr. Cobden 

 declared that " Education is the sole title to constitutional 

 fran,chise, the sole guardian of political liberty, the sole qualifi- 

 cation for self-government." In the same sense, an American 

 administrator, in the Philippines, has recently summed up the 

 colonial policy of the United States in the phrase, " We stake 

 our whole job on the education of the people." Mr. Huxley 

 well expressed the object and methods of our policy in com- 

 paring the modern and the mediaeval ideal of the University : 

 " The students to whose wants the mediaeval University was 

 adjusted looked to the past and sought book-learning while the 

 modern looks to the future and seeks his knowledge of things." 

 Macaulay, in his essay on Bacon, traced to that philosopher the 

 origin of the modern system, the object of which he tersely 

 declared to be the good of mankind, in the sense in which the 

 mass of mankind always has understood and always will 

 understand the word good. In another passage, h(i declared 

 that two words form the key of the Baconian j^hilosophy, 

 Utility and Progress ; contrasting it with the philosophy it was 

 <lestined to supersede, he declared that " The ancient philosophy 

 dealt largely in theories of moral perfection, which were so 



