TEEIAS. 



427 



T. Icefa is very common in Japan and China in the autumn, and appears 

 again after hibernation. The specimens differ from N.W. Himalayan 

 examples, of which I have a long series, in having scarcely any black mark- 

 ings on margins of secondaries, and in the redder tone of under surface. 

 Extreme examples of this form from Japan and South Corea are described by 

 Mr. Butler as T. subfervens. 



The late Mr. Henry Pryer (Z. c. p. 21) placed T. hefhesha, Janson, as a 

 synonym of T. Iceta, Boisdnval, and merged both in T. bifonnis, Pryer, giving 

 the folloAving reasons for doing so : — " I have, in conjunction with Mr. ]\awa, 

 of Gifu, made an extremely interesting and important discovery. It is that 

 T. hethesba is the summer form, and T. laeta the winter form, of one and the 

 same species. This was quite unexpected. Both Mr. Nawa and myself saw 

 females of T. bethesba depositing their eggs on Cassia mimosoides. From 

 these eggs we reared many specimens of T. Ucta, but not a single individual 

 bearing the most remote resemblance to the parent form of hethesba. I 

 have, however, reared a single specimen from these bethesba ova whicli 

 strongly resembles the hecabe form of T. multifomnis, and it is therefore 

 probably a hybrid. The outline of the wing of la^ta is pointed, that of 

 bethesba rounded, and the former is a much larger insect than the latter. I 

 have proposed the name of T. biforjiiis to unite these two forms. The form 

 Iceta is only seven days in the pupa, but lives for eight months in the imago 

 state, during which time it hibernates for from four to five months. I 

 previously stated that Iceta appears from March to November ; this I now see 

 is an error, the reverse being nearer the truth. It appears last in the year 

 in November-December, and emerges from its hibernation first in March. 

 The Iceta form emerges during the first week of September, or, exceptionally, 

 dm'ing the last few days of August, from ova laid by the bethesba form in 

 August, taking a remarkably short time to complete its metamorphosis. 

 The Iceta form does not commence to hibernate before November, and 

 continues in hibernation until the first warm days in March awaken it. 

 Specimens may be seen flying about until May, when the females deposit 

 their ova which produce the bethesba form in July." 



In the autumn of 1887 I was in South Kashmir, where I met with hetct 

 and a form which I am quite unable to separate from bethesba. Probably the 

 bethesba-\\^e specimens Avere late examples of the summer brood of Iceta, 



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